Numbers Chapter 6 — The Nazirite Vow and Priestly Blessing
This chapter defines the regulations for individuals taking a Nazirite vow and concludes with the famous priestly blessing bestowed upon Israel.
1The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
2“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them: ‘When either man or woman shall make a special vow, the vow of a Nazirite, to separate himself to the LORD,
3he shall separate himself from wine and strong drink. He shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of fermented drink, neither shall he drink any juice of grapes, nor eat fresh grapes or dried.
4All the days of his separation he shall eat nothing that is made of the grapevine, from the seeds even to the skins.
5“ ‘All the days of his vow of separation no razor shall come on his head, until the days are fulfilled in which he separates himself to the LORD. He shall be holy. He shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow long.
6“ ‘All the days that he separates himself to the LORD he shall not go near a dead body.
7He shall not make himself unclean for his father, or for his mother, for his brother, or for his sister, when they die, because his separation to God*The Hebrew word rendered “God” is “אֱלֹהִ֑ים” (Elohim). is on his head.
8All the days of his separation he is holy to the LORD.
9“ ‘If any man dies very suddenly beside him, and he defiles the head of his separation, then he shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing. On the seventh day he shall shave it.
10On the eighth day he shall bring two turtledoves or two young pigeons to the priest, to the door of the Tent of Meeting.
11The priest shall offer one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, and make atonement for him, because he sinned by reason of the dead, and shall make his head holy that same day.
12He shall separate to the LORD the days of his separation, and shall bring a male lamb a year old for a trespass offering; but the former days shall be void, because his separation was defiled.
13“ ‘This is the law of the Nazirite: when the days of his separation are fulfilled, he shall be brought to the door of the Tent of Meeting,
14and he shall offer his offering to the LORD: one male lamb a year old without defect for a burnt offering, one ewe lamb a year old without defect for a sin offering, one ram without defect for peace offerings,
15a basket of unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mixed with oil, and unleavened wafers anointed with oil with their meal offering and their drink offerings.
16The priest shall present them before the LORD, and shall offer his sin offering and his burnt offering.
17He shall offer the ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings to the LORD, with the basket of unleavened bread. The priest shall offer also its meal offering and its drink offering.
18The Nazirite shall shave the head of his separation at the door of the Tent of Meeting, take the hair of the head of his separation, and put it on the fire which is under the sacrifice of peace offerings.
19The priest shall take the boiled shoulder of the ram, one unleavened cake out of the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall put them on the hands of the Nazirite after he has shaved the head of his separation;
20and the priest shall wave them for a wave offering before the LORD. They are holy for the priest, together with the breast that is waved and the thigh that is offered. After that the Nazirite may drink wine.
21“ ‘This is the law of the Nazirite who vows and of his offering to the LORD for his separation, in addition to that which he is able to afford. According to his vow which he vows, so he must do after the law of his separation.’ ”
22The LORD spoke to Moses, saying,
23“Speak to Aaron and to his sons, saying, ‘This is how you shall bless the children of Israel.’ You shall tell them,
24‘The LORD bless you, and keep you.
25The LORD make his face to shine on you,
26The LORD lift up his face toward you,
27“So they shall put my name on the children of Israel; and I will bless them.”
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Numbers 6:2
“Speak to the children of Israel, and tell them: ‘When either man or woman shall make a special vow, the vow of a Nazirite, to separate himself to the LORD...’”
This verse establishes that the Nazirite vow was a voluntary act of devotion available to both men and women.
Numbers 6:24-26
“The LORD bless you, and keep you. The LORD make his face to shine on you, and be gracious to you. The LORD lift up his face toward you, and give you peace.”
Known as the Aaronic Blessing, these verses are some of the most significant and frequently recited words of blessing in both Jewish and Christian traditions.
Chapter Summary
Numbers 6 details the specific requirements for the Nazirite vow, a voluntary commitment where an individual separates themselves to the Lord for a period of time. A Nazirite was required to abstain from all grape products, including wine and vinegar, leave their hair uncut, and avoid contact with dead bodies. If the vow was accidentally defiled by proximity to death, a purification ritual involving offerings and shaving the head was required. Upon the successful completion of the vow, the Nazirite presented burnt, sin, and peace offerings at the Tent of Meeting, followed by the shaving and burning of their hair. The chapter concludes with the Lord instructing Moses to have Aaron and his sons bless the people of Israel with a specific invocation of divine protection, grace, and peace, known as the Priestly Blessing.
Frequently Asked Questions
A person under a Nazirite vow had to abstain from any products of the grapevine (including wine, grapes, and seeds), refrain from cutting their hair, and avoid coming near a dead body, even that of a close family member.
If a Nazirite was defiled by a sudden death near them, they had to undergo a seven-day purification process, shave their head, and bring offerings of turtledoves or pigeons. The previous days of their vow were voided, and they had to start the period of separation over again.
The blessing was given by God to Aaron and his sons to use when blessing the Israelites. It was intended to place God's name upon the people, invoking His protection, grace, and peace, and serving as a reminder of His divine care for the nation.
Study Note
The Nazirite vow allowed any layperson to achieve a level of ritual holiness and separation to God that was normally reserved for the high priest.
Related Chapters
Judges 13
This chapter describes the birth of Samson, who was dedicated as a Nazirite from the womb.
Acts 21
This New Testament chapter mentions rituals related to the completion of a vow that reflect the laws found in Numbers 6.
Leviticus 21
This chapter outlines the holiness requirements for priests, which share similarities with the restrictions placed on Nazirites.
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