John Chapter 18 — The Betrayal and Trial of Jesus

Jesus is arrested in a garden and taken before the high priest and Pontius Pilate, while Peter denies knowing Him three times.

BetrayalDivine SovereigntyTruthThe Kingdom of GodHuman Frailty

1When Jesus had spoken these words, he went out with his disciples over the brook Kidron, where there was a garden, into which he and his disciples entered.

2Now Judas, who betrayed him, also knew the place, for Jesus often met there with his disciples.

3Judas then, having taken a detachment of soldiers and officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, came there with lanterns, torches, and weapons.

4Jesus therefore, knowing all the things that were happening to him, went out and said to them, “Who are you looking for?”

5They answered him, “Jesus of Nazareth.”

6When therefore he said to them, “I am he,” they went backward and fell to the ground.

7Again therefore he asked them, “Who are you looking for?”

8Jesus answered, “I told you that I am he. If therefore you seek me, let these go their way,”

9that the word might be fulfilled which he spoke, “Of those whom you have given me, I have lost none.”✡John 6:39

10Simon Peter therefore, having a sword, drew it, struck the high priest’s servant, and cut off his right ear. The servant’s name was Malchus.

11Jesus therefore said to Peter, “Put the sword into its sheath. The cup which the Father has given me, shall I not surely drink it?”

12So the detachment, the commanding officer, and the officers of the Jews seized Jesus and bound him,

13and led him to Annas first, for he was father-in-law to Caiaphas, who was high priest that year.

14Now it was Caiaphas who advised the Jews that it was expedient that one man should perish for the people.

15Simon Peter followed Jesus, as did another disciple. Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and entered in with Jesus into the court of the high priest;

16but Peter was standing at the door outside. So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out and spoke to her who kept the door, and brought in Peter.

17Then the maid who kept the door said to Peter, “Are you also one of this man’s disciples?”

18Now the servants and the officers were standing there, having made a fire of coals, for it was cold. They were warming themselves. Peter was with them, standing and warming himself.

19The high priest therefore asked Jesus about his disciples and about his teaching.

20Jesus answered him, “I spoke openly to the world. I always taught in synagogues and in the temple, where the Jews always meet. I said nothing in secret.

21Why do you ask me? Ask those who have heard me what I said to them. Behold, they know the things which I said.”

22When he had said this, one of the officers standing by slapped Jesus with his hand, saying, “Do you answer the high priest like that?”

23Jesus answered him, “If I have spoken evil, testify of the evil; but if well, why do you beat me?”

24Annas sent him bound to Caiaphas, the high priest.

25Now Simon Peter was standing and warming himself. They said therefore to him, “You aren’t also one of his disciples, are you?”

26One of the servants of the high priest, being a relative of him whose ear Peter had cut off, said, “Didn’t I see you in the garden with him?”

27Peter therefore denied it again, and immediately the rooster crowed.

28They led Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. It was early, and they themselves didn’t enter into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.

29Pilate therefore went out to them and said, “What accusation do you bring against this man?”

30They answered him, “If this man weren’t an evildoer, we wouldn’t have delivered him up to you.”

31Pilate therefore said to them, “Take him yourselves, and judge him according to your law.”

32that the word of Jesus might be fulfilled, which he spoke, signifying by what kind of death he should die.

33Pilate therefore entered again into the Praetorium, called Jesus, and said to him, “Are you the King of the Jews?”

34Jesus answered him, “Do you say this by yourself, or did others tell you about me?”

35Pilate answered, “I’m not a Jew, am I? Your own nation and the chief priests delivered you to me. What have you done?”

36Jesus answered, “My Kingdom is not of this world. If my Kingdom were of this world, then my servants would fight, that I wouldn’t be delivered to the Jews. But now my Kingdom is not from here.”

37Pilate therefore said to him, “Are you a king then?”

38Pilate said to him, “What is truth?”

39But you have a custom that I should release someone to you at the Passover. Therefore, do you want me to release to you the King of the Jews?”

40Then they all shouted again, saying, “Not this man, but Barabbas!” Now Barabbas was a robber.

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

John 18:6

When therefore he said to them, “I am he,” they went backward and fell to the ground.

This verse demonstrates Jesus' divine authority even at the moment of His arrest.

John 18:36

Jesus answered, “My Kingdom is not of this world. If my Kingdom were of this world, then my servants would fight, that I wouldn’t be delivered to the Jews. But now my Kingdom is not from here.”

Jesus clarifies the spiritual nature of His authority to the Roman governor.

John 18:38

Pilate said to him, “What is truth?”

This famous question highlights the contrast between worldly power and spiritual reality.

Chapter Summary

John 18 recounts the beginning of Jesus' passion, starting with His arrest in a garden across the Kidron Valley. Judas leads a detachment of soldiers to Jesus, who identifies Himself and ensures His disciples' safety. Following the arrest, Jesus is led to Annas and then Caiaphas. During this time, Simon Peter denies knowing Jesus three times, fulfilling Jesus' earlier prophecy as the rooster crows. The narrative then shifts to the Praetorium, where Jesus is questioned by the Roman governor, Pontius Pilate. During their exchange, Jesus explains that His kingdom is not of this world and that He came to testify to the truth. Although Pilate finds no basis for a charge against Him, the crowd chooses to release the robber Barabbas instead of Jesus.

Frequently Asked Questions

Malchus was the servant of the high priest whose right ear was cut off by Simon Peter during the arrest of Jesus. Jesus immediately rebuked Peter and instructed him to put his sword away.

Jesus was arrested in a garden across the Kidron Valley, a place where He frequently met with His disciples. Judas Iscariot knew the location and led the soldiers there.

The Jewish leaders took Jesus to Pilate because they wanted a death sentence, which they were not permitted to carry out under Roman law. They brought Him to the Praetorium early in the morning.

Jesus told Pilate that His kingdom is not of this world, explaining that if it were, His servants would have fought to prevent His arrest. He stated His purpose was to bear witness to the truth.

Study Note

The mention of the 'fire of coals' in verse 18 creates a literary link to the 'fire of coals' in John 21, where Peter is later restored.

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