Nehemiah Chapter 2 — Rebuilding the Walls of Jerusalem

Nehemiah receives permission from King Artaxerxes to return to Jerusalem to rebuild its walls and begins the project despite immediate local opposition.

Divine FavorCourageous LeadershipPreparation and PlanningOpposition

1In the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes the king, when wine was before him, I picked up the wine, and gave it to the king. Now I had not been sad before in his presence.

2The king said to me, “Why is your face sad, since you are not sick? This is nothing else but sorrow of heart.”

3I said to the king, “Let the king live forever! Why shouldn’t my face be sad, when the city, the place of my fathers’ tombs, lies waste, and its gates have been consumed with fire?”

4Then the king said to me, “What is your request?”

5I said to the king, “If it pleases the king, and if your servant has found favor in your sight, I ask that you would send me to Judah, to the city of my fathers’ tombs, that I may build it.”

6The king said to me (the queen was also sitting by him), “How long will your journey be? When will you return?”

7Moreover I said to the king, “If it pleases the king, let letters be given me to the governors beyond the River, that they may let me pass through until I come to Judah;

8and a letter to Asaph the keeper of the king’s forest, that he may give me timber to make beams for the gates of the citadel by the temple, for the wall of the city, and for the house that I will occupy.”

9Then I came to the governors beyond the River, and gave them the king’s letters. Now the king had sent captains of the army and horsemen with me.

10When Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite servant heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly, because a man had come to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.

11So I came to Jerusalem, and was there three days.

12I arose in the night, I and a few men with me. I didn’t tell anyone what my God put into my heart to do for Jerusalem. There wasn’t any animal with me except the animal that I rode on.

13I went out by night by the valley gate toward the jackal’s well, then to the dung gate; and I inspected the walls of Jerusalem, which were broken down, and its gates were consumed with fire.

14Then I went on to the spring gate and to the king’s pool, but there was no place for the animal that was under me to pass.

15Then I went up in the night by the brook and inspected the wall; and I turned back, and entered by the valley gate, and so returned.

16The rulers didn’t know where I went, or what I did. I had not as yet told it to the Jews, nor to the priests, nor to the nobles, nor to the rulers, nor to the rest who did the work.

17Then I said to them, “You see the bad situation that we are in, how Jerusalem lies waste, and its gates are burned with fire. Come, let’s build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we won’t be disgraced.”

18I told them about the hand of my God which was good on me, and also about the king’s words that he had spoken to me.

19But when Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite servant, and Geshem the Arabian, heard it, they ridiculed us and despised us, and said, “What is this thing that you are doing? Will you rebel against the king?”

20Then I answered them, and said to them, “The God of heaven will prosper us. Therefore we, his servants, will arise and build; but you have no portion, nor right, nor memorial in Jerusalem.”

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

Nehemiah 2:4-5

Then the king said to me, “What is your request?” I said to the king, “If it pleases the king, and if your servant has found favor in your sight, I ask that you would send me to Judah, to the city of my fathers’ tombs, that I may build it.”

This exchange marks the critical moment where Nehemiah’s prayer for intervention is answered through the king's favor.

Nehemiah 2:17

Then I said to them, “You see the bad situation that we are in, how Jerusalem lies waste, and its gates are burned with fire. Come, let’s build up the wall of Jerusalem, that we won’t be disgraced.”

Nehemiah uses this call to action to mobilize the community and restore their dignity through the rebuilding effort.

Nehemiah 2:20

Then I answered them, and said to them, “The God of heaven will prosper us. Therefore we, his servants, will arise and build; but you have no portion, nor right, nor memorial in Jerusalem.”

This verse establishes Nehemiah's reliance on divine providence in the face of mockery and external threats.

Chapter Summary

In Nehemiah 2, Nehemiah continues his service as cupbearer to King Artaxerxes. Noticing Nehemiah's sadness, the king inquires about his distress. Nehemiah explains that Jerusalem, the city of his ancestors, lies in ruins. Taking a bold step, Nehemiah requests the king's permission to return to Judah to rebuild the city. The king grants his request, providing him with letters for safe passage and timber from the king’s forest. Upon arriving in Jerusalem, Nehemiah remains quiet for three days before conducting a secret nighttime inspection of the broken walls and burned gates. After assessing the extent of the damage, he shares his mission with the Jewish leaders, priests, and nobles, urging them to rebuild. While the community responds positively, local officials Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem begin to ridicule and oppose the effort. Nehemiah remains steadfast, asserting that the God of heaven will prosper their work while clarifying that these opponents have no claim to the city of Jerusalem.

Frequently Asked Questions

Artaxerxes I was the King of Persia who served as Nehemiah's employer. In this chapter, he shows favor to Nehemiah by granting him leave, letters of passage, and resources to rebuild Jerusalem's walls.

Nehemiah conducted a secret nighttime survey to assess the damage without alerting potential enemies or the local Jewish leaders. This allowed him to gather accurate information and form a solid plan before publicly announcing the project.

Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite were local officials who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem. They initially grieved the news of Nehemiah's arrival and later used ridicule to try to discourage the workers.

Study Note

The mention of the queen sitting by the king in verse 6 suggests an informal or private audience, which may explain why the king noticed Nehemiah's emotional state.

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