Nehemiah Chapter 12 — Dedication of the Jerusalem Wall
Nehemiah lists the priests and Levites who returned to Jerusalem and describes the grand, musical celebration held to dedicate the newly rebuilt wall.
1Now these are the priests and the Levites who went up with Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra,
2Amariah, Malluch, Hattush,
3Shecaniah, Rehum, Meremoth,
4Iddo, Ginnethoi, Abijah,
5Mijamin, Maadiah, Bilgah,
6Shemaiah, Joiarib, Jedaiah,
7Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, and Jedaiah. These were the chiefs of the priests and of their brothers in the days of Jeshua.
8Moreover the Levites were Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah, who was over the thanksgiving songs, he and his brothers.
9Also Bakbukiah and Unno, their brothers, were close to them according to their offices.
10Jeshua became the father of Joiakim, and Joiakim became the father of Eliashib, and Eliashib became the father of Joiada,
11and Joiada became the father of Jonathan, and Jonathan became the father of Jaddua.
12In the days of Joiakim were priests, heads of fathers’ households: of Seraiah, Meraiah; of Jeremiah, Hananiah;
13of Ezra, Meshullam; of Amariah, Jehohanan;
14of Malluchi, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph;
15of Harim, Adna; of Meraioth, Helkai;
16of Iddo, Zechariah; of Ginnethon, Meshullam;
17of Abijah, Zichri; of Miniamin, of Moadiah, Piltai;
18of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, Jehonathan;
19of Joiarib, Mattenai; of Jedaiah, Uzzi;
20of Sallai, Kallai; of Amok, Eber;
21of Hilkiah, Hashabiah; of Jedaiah, Nethanel.
22As for the Levites, in the days of Eliashib, Joiada, Johanan, and Jaddua, there were recorded the heads of fathers’ households; also the priests, in the reign of Darius the Persian.
23The sons of Levi, heads of fathers’ households, were written in the book of the chronicles, even until the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib.
24The chiefs of the Levites: Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and Jeshua the son of Kadmiel, with their brothers close to them, to praise and give thanks according to the commandment of David the man of God, section next to section.
25Mattaniah, Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, and Akkub were gatekeepers keeping the watch at the storehouses of the gates.
26These were in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and of Ezra the priest and scribe.
27At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem, they sought the Levites out of all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem to keep the dedication with gladness, both with giving thanks and with singing, with cymbals, stringed instruments, and with harps.
28The sons of the singers gathered themselves together, both out of the plain around Jerusalem and from the villages of the Netophathites;
29also from Beth Gilgal and out of the fields of Geba and Azmaveth, for the singers had built themselves villages around Jerusalem.
30The priests and the Levites purified themselves; and they purified the people, the gates, and the wall.
31Then I brought the princes of Judah up on the wall, and appointed two great companies who gave thanks and went in procession. One went on the right hand on the wall toward the dung gate;
32and after them went Hoshaiah, with half of the princes of Judah,
33and Azariah, Ezra, and Meshullam,
34Judah, Benjamin, Shemaiah, Jeremiah,
35and some of the priests’ sons with trumpets: Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Micaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph;
36and his brothers, Shemaiah, Azarel, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethanel, Judah, and Hanani, with the musical instruments of David the man of God; and Ezra the scribe was before them.
37By the spring gate, and straight before them, they went up by the stairs of David’s city, at the ascent of the wall, above David’s house, even to the water gate eastward.
38The other company of those who gave thanks went to meet them, and I after them, with the half of the people on the wall above the tower of the furnaces, even to the wide wall,
39and above the gate of Ephraim, and by the old gate, and by the fish gate, the tower of Hananel, and the tower of Hammeah, even to the sheep gate; and they stood still in the gate of the guard.
40So the two companies of those who gave thanks in God’s house stood, and I and the half of the rulers with me;
41and the priests, Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Micaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, and Hananiah, with trumpets;
42and Maaseiah, Shemaiah, Eleazar, Uzzi, Jehohanan, Malchijah, Elam, and Ezer. The singers sang loud, with Jezrahiah their overseer.
43They offered great sacrifices that day, and rejoiced, for God had made them rejoice with great joy; and the women and the children also rejoiced, so that the joy of Jerusalem was heard even far away.
44On that day, men were appointed over the rooms for the treasures, for the wave offerings, for the first fruits, and for the tithes, to gather into them according to the fields of the cities the portions appointed by the law for the priests and Levites; for Judah rejoiced for the priests and for the Levites who served.
45They performed the duty of their God and the duty of the purification, and so did the singers and the gatekeepers, according to the commandment of David and of Solomon his son.
46For in the days of David and Asaph of old there was a chief of the singers, and songs of praise and thanksgiving to God.
47All Israel in the days of Zerubbabel and in the days of Nehemiah gave the portions of the singers and the gatekeepers, as every day required; and they set apart that which was for the Levites; and the Levites set apart that which was for the sons of Aaron.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Nehemiah 12:27
“At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem, they sought the Levites out of all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem to keep the dedication with gladness, both with giving thanks and with singing, with cymbals, stringed instruments, and with harps.”
This verse highlights the central role of the Levites and music in the formal consecration of the city's defenses.
Nehemiah 12:43
“They offered great sacrifices that day, and rejoiced, for God had made them rejoice with great joy; and the women and the children also rejoiced, so that the joy of Jerusalem was heard even far away.”
This passage illustrates the inclusive and overwhelming nature of the celebration, involving the entire community in shared gratitude.
Chapter Summary
Nehemiah Chapter 12 begins by documenting the lines of priests and Levites who returned from exile with Zerubbabel, as well as the high priestly genealogy. These records establish the religious leadership's continuity and legitimacy in the post-exilic period. The chapter then shifts to the formal dedication of the wall of Jerusalem, a momentous event marked by purification and great joy. Nehemiah organizes two large choirs and processions of leaders to walk atop the wall in opposite directions, eventually meeting at the temple. Accompanied by trumpets and the musical instruments of David, the people offer great sacrifices. The celebration is so loud and joyful that it is heard from a great distance. Finally, the chapter details the appointment of officers to manage the temple storehouses, ensuring that the people's tithes and offerings are properly collected to support the priests, Levites, singers, and gatekeepers as prescribed by the law.
Frequently Asked Questions
Nehemiah appointed two great companies to give thanks and march on the wall. One group was led by Ezra the scribe, and Nehemiah himself followed the second group, eventually meeting at the house of God to give thanks.
These lists served to document the genealogy and offices of the religious leaders who returned from exile. This was essential for maintaining the proper order of temple service and establishing historical continuity for the community.
The dedication involved the ritual purification of the priests, the people, and the physical wall itself. It featured two large musical processions walking on top of the wall, culminating in sacrifices and a celebration heard from a great distance.
Study Note
The mention of the 'musical instruments of David' in verse 36 emphasizes the community's desire to restore the worship traditions established during the height of the United Monarchy.
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