Matthew Chapter 10 — Commissioning the Twelve Apostles

Jesus sends his twelve disciples to preach to the house of Israel, providing them with instructions and warnings about future persecution.

DiscipleshipCommissioningPersecutionFaithfulnessDivine Authority

1He called to himself his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal every disease and every sickness.

2Now the names of the twelve apostles are these. The first, Simon, who is called Peter; Andrew, his brother; James the son of Zebedee; John, his brother;

3Philip; Bartholomew; Thomas; Matthew the tax collector; James the son of Alphaeus; Lebbaeus, who was also called*NU omits “Lebbaeus, who was also called” Thaddaeus;

4Simon the Zealot; and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him.

5Jesus sent these twelve out and commanded them, saying, “Don’t go among the Gentiles, and don’t enter into any city of the Samaritans.

6Rather, go to the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

7As you go, preach, saying, ‘The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!’

8Heal the sick, cleanse the lepers,†TR adds “raise the dead,” and cast out demons. Freely you received, so freely give.

9Don’t take any gold, silver, or brass in your money belts.

10Take no bag for your journey, neither two coats, nor sandals, nor staff: for the laborer is worthy of his food.

11Into whatever city or village you enter, find out who in it is worthy, and stay there until you go on.

12As you enter into the household, greet it.

13If the household is worthy, let your peace come on it, but if it isn’t worthy, let your peace return to you.

14Whoever doesn’t receive you or hear your words, as you go out of that house or that city, shake the dust off your feet.

15Most certainly I tell you, it will be more tolerable for the land of Sodom and Gomorrah in the day of judgment than for that city.

16“Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves. Therefore be wise as serpents and harmless as doves.

17But beware of men, for they will deliver you up to councils, and in their synagogues they will scourge you.

18Yes, and you will be brought before governors and kings for my sake, for a testimony to them and to the nations.

19But when they deliver you up, don’t be anxious how or what you will say, for it will be given you in that hour what you will say.

20For it is not you who speak, but the Spirit of your Father who speaks in you.

21“Brother will deliver up brother to death, and the father his child. Children will rise up against parents and cause them to be put to death.

22You will be hated by all men for my name’s sake, but he who endures to the end will be saved.

23But when they persecute you in this city, flee into the next, for most certainly I tell you, you will not have gone through the cities of Israel until the Son of Man has come.

24“A disciple is not above his teacher, nor a servant above his lord.

25It is enough for the disciple that he be like his teacher, and the servant like his lord. If they have called the master of the house Beelzebul,‡Literally, Lord of the Flies, or the devil how much more those of his household!

26Therefore don’t be afraid of them, for there is nothing covered that will not be revealed, or hidden that will not be known.

27What I tell you in the darkness, speak in the light; and what you hear whispered in the ear, proclaim on the housetops.

28Don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. Rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.§or, Hell.

29“Aren’t two sparrows sold for an assarion coin?*An assarion is a small coin worth one tenth of a drachma or a sixteenth of a denarius. An assarion is approximately the wages of one half hour of agricultural labor. Not one of them falls to the ground apart from your Father’s will.

30But the very hairs of your head are all numbered.

31Therefore don’t be afraid. You are of more value than many sparrows.

32Everyone therefore who confesses me before men, I will also confess him before my Father who is in heaven.

33But whoever denies me before men, I will also deny him before my Father who is in heaven.

34“Don’t think that I came to send peace on the earth. I didn’t come to send peace, but a sword.

35For I came to set a man at odds against his father, and a daughter against her mother, and a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law.

36A man’s foes will be those of his own household.✡Micah 7:6

37He who loves father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he who loves son or daughter more than me isn’t worthy of me.

38He who doesn’t take his cross and follow after me isn’t worthy of me.

39He who seeks his life will lose it; and he who loses his life for my sake will find it.

40“He who receives you receives me, and he who receives me receives him who sent me.

41He who receives a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive a prophet’s reward. He who receives a righteous man in the name of a righteous man will receive a righteous man’s reward.

42Whoever gives one of these little ones just a cup of cold water to drink in the name of a disciple, most certainly I tell you, he will in no way lose his reward.”

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

Matthew 10:16

Behold, I send you out as sheep among wolves. Therefore be wise as serpents and harmless as doves.

This verse provides a famous metaphor for the cautious yet innocent approach disciples should take in a hostile world.

Matthew 10:28

Don’t be afraid of those who kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul. Rather, fear him who is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna.

Jesus highlights the importance of an eternal perspective over physical safety.

Matthew 10:38

He who doesn’t take his cross and follow after me isn’t worthy of me.

This is a foundational statement on the sacrificial nature of true discipleship.

Chapter Summary

In Matthew 10, Jesus calls his twelve disciples and grants them authority to cast out unclean spirits and heal diseases. He provides a specific list of the apostles, including Peter, Andrew, James, John, and others. Jesus instructs them to go exclusively to the 'lost sheep of the house of Israel' rather than to Gentiles or Samaritans. They are commanded to preach the coming of the Kingdom of Heaven and to perform miracles without seeking payment or luxury. Jesus warns that they will face opposition, being sent out like 'sheep among wolves,' and may be brought before governors and kings. Despite these trials, he encourages them not to fear those who can only kill the body but to remain faithful. The chapter concludes with Jesus explaining that following him may cause division even within families, and he promises rewards for those who receive his disciples.

Frequently Asked Questions

The twelve apostles are Simon Peter, Andrew, James the son of Zebedee, John, Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew the tax collector, James the son of Alphaeus, Thaddaeus (Lebbaeus), Simon the Zealot, and Judas Iscariot.

Jesus told them to travel light, taking no gold, silver, or extra clothing. He instructed them to preach to the lost sheep of Israel, heal the sick, and stay with worthy households while shaking the dust off their feet if rejected.

Jesus uses the metaphor of a sword to describe the division his message may cause within families. He explains that loyalty to him must surpass even the closest earthly relationships, which can lead to conflict.

Study Note

The term 'apostle' used in verse 2 comes from the Greek 'apostolos,' meaning 'one who is sent' or a messenger.

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