Luke Chapter 15 — The Parables of the Lost
Jesus tells three parables about a lost sheep, a lost coin, and a lost son to illustrate the joy in heaven when a sinner repents.
1Now all the tax collectors and sinners were coming close to him to hear him.
2The Pharisees and the scribes murmured, saying, “This man welcomes sinners, and eats with them.”
3He told them this parable:
4“Which of you men, if you had one hundred sheep and lost one of them, wouldn’t leave the ninety-nine in the wilderness and go after the one that was lost, until he found it?
5When he has found it, he carries it on his shoulders, rejoicing.
6When he comes home, he calls together his friends and his neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost!’
7I tell you that even so there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, than over ninety-nine righteous people who need no repentance.
8“Or what woman, if she had ten drachma*A drachma coin was worth about a days wages for an agricultural laborer. coins, if she lost one drachma coin, wouldn’t light a lamp, sweep the house, and seek diligently until she found it?
9When she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the drachma which I had lost!’
10Even so, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner repenting.”
11He said, “A certain man had two sons.
12The younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me my share of your property.’ So he divided his livelihood between them.
13Not many days after, the younger son gathered all of this together and traveled into a far country. There he wasted his property with riotous living.
14When he had spent all of it, there arose a severe famine in that country, and he began to be in need.
15He went and joined himself to one of the citizens of that country, and he sent him into his fields to feed pigs.
16He wanted to fill his belly with the pods that the pigs ate, but no one gave him any.
17But when he came to himself, he said, ‘How many hired servants of my father’s have bread enough to spare, and I’m dying with hunger!
18I will get up and go to my father, and will tell him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven and in your sight.
19I am no more worthy to be called your son. Make me as one of your hired servants.” ’
20“He arose and came to his father. But while he was still far off, his father saw him and was moved with compassion, and ran, fell on his neck, and kissed him.
21The son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and in your sight. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’
22“But the father said to his servants, ‘Bring out the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet.
23Bring the fattened calf, kill it, and let’s eat and celebrate;
24for this, my son, was dead and is alive again. He was lost and is found.’ Then they began to celebrate.
25“Now his elder son was in the field. As he came near to the house, he heard music and dancing.
26He called one of the servants to him and asked what was going on.
27He said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf, because he has received him back safe and healthy.’
28But he was angry and would not go in. Therefore his father came out and begged him.
29But he answered his father, ‘Behold, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed a commandment of yours, but you never gave me a goat, that I might celebrate with my friends.
30But when this your son came, who has devoured your living with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him.’
31“He said to him, ‘Son, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours.
32But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for this, your brother, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and is found.’ ”
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Luke 15:7
“I tell you that even so there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents, than over ninety-nine righteous people who need no repentance.”
This verse establishes the central lesson of the first two parables regarding heaven's response to repentance.
Luke 15:20
“He arose and came to his father. But while he was still far off, his father saw him and was moved with compassion, and ran, fell on his neck, and kissed him.”
This verse highlights the father's proactive love and immediate forgiveness toward his returning son.
Luke 15:32
“But it was appropriate to celebrate and be glad, for this, your brother, was dead, and is alive again. He was lost, and is found.”
The final verse of the chapter summarizes the necessity of celebrating restoration and redemption.
Chapter Summary
Luke Chapter 15 begins with tax collectors and sinners gathering to hear Jesus, prompting criticism from the Pharisees and scribes who object to Him eating with such people. In response, Jesus delivers three distinct parables centered on the theme of lost things being found. The first describes a shepherd who leaves ninety-nine sheep to find one that is lost, rejoicing when it is recovered. The second tells of a woman who diligently searches her home for a single lost coin and celebrates with neighbors upon finding it. The third and longest parable, the Parable of the Lost Son, recounts a young man who squanders his inheritance and returns home in shame. Rather than rejecting him, his father welcomes him with compassion and a feast. The chapter concludes with the father's dialogue with his elder son, who is resentful of the celebration. The father explains that it was appropriate to be glad because the brother who was 'dead' is now 'alive again,' emphasizing the value of reconciliation.
Frequently Asked Questions
Jesus told these stories in response to the Pharisees and scribes who were complaining that He welcomed and ate with sinners. He used the parables to explain God's perspective on reaching out to those who are lost and the joy that results from their return.
In the parable, the coin represents something of value that has been misplaced. Its recovery illustrates the diligent search God undertakes for every person and the communal joy experienced in heaven when one person repents.
The father reacts with immediate compassion, running to meet his son while he is still far off. Instead of punishing him, the father embraces him, provides him with a robe, ring, and sandals, and orders a great feast to celebrate his return.
The elder brother's anger represents the attitude of the Pharisees who criticized Jesus. It highlights a struggle with self-righteousness and a failure to understand the father's heart for the restoration of a family member who was lost.
Study Note
The 'drachma' mentioned in verse 8 was a Greek silver coin roughly equivalent in value to a Roman denarius, representing about a full day's wage for a laborer.
Related Chapters
Matthew 18
Matthew's account of the Parable of the Lost Sheep focuses on God's care for 'the little ones'.
Ezekiel 34
The image of God as a shepherd searching for lost sheep is rooted in this Old Testament prophecy.
Psalm 23
This classic psalm explores the theme of God as a protective shepherd who restores the soul.
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