Hebrews Chapter 9 — The Earthly and Heavenly Sanctuary
Hebrews 9 describes the limitations of the earthly tabernacle and the Old Covenant's sacrifices, contrasting them with Christ’s perfect sacrifice in heaven.
1Now indeed even the first*TR adds “tabernacle” covenant had ordinances of divine service and an earthly sanctuary.
2For a tabernacle was prepared. In the first part were the lamp stand, the table, and the show bread, which is called the Holy Place.
3After the second veil was the tabernacle which is called the Holy of Holies,
4having a golden altar of incense and the ark of the covenant overlaid on all sides with gold, in which was a golden pot holding the manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the tablets of the covenant;
5and above it cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy seat, of which things we can’t speak now in detail.
6Now these things having been thus prepared, the priests go in continually into the first tabernacle, accomplishing the services,
7but into the second the high priest alone, once in the year, not without blood, which he offers for himself and for the errors of the people.
8The Holy Spirit is indicating this, that the way into the Holy Place wasn’t yet revealed while the first tabernacle was still standing.
9This is a symbol of the present age, where gifts and sacrifices are offered that are incapable, concerning the conscience, of making the worshiper perfect,
10being only (with foods and drinks and various washings) fleshly ordinances, imposed until a time of reformation.
11But Christ having come as a high priest of the coming good things, through the greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this creation,
12nor yet through the blood of goats and calves, but through his own blood, entered in once for all into the Holy Place, having obtained eternal redemption.
13For if the blood of goats and bulls, and the ashes of a heifer sprinkling those who have been defiled, sanctify to the cleanness of the flesh,
14how much more will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without defect to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?
15For this reason he is the mediator of a new covenant, since a death has occurred for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first covenant, that those who have been called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.
16For where a last will and testament is, there must of necessity be the death of him who made it.
17For a will is in force where there has been death, for it is never in force while he who made it lives.
18Therefore even the first covenant has not been dedicated without blood.
19For when every commandment had been spoken by Moses to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of the calves and the goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people,
20saying, “This is the blood of the covenant which God has commanded you.”✡Exodus 24:8
21He sprinkled the tabernacle and all the vessels of the ministry in the same way with the blood.
22According to the law, nearly everything is cleansed with blood, and apart from shedding of blood there is no remission.
23It was necessary therefore that the copies of the things in the heavens should be cleansed with these, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
24For Christ hasn’t entered into holy places made with hands, which are representations of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us;
25nor yet that he should offer himself often, as the high priest enters into the holy place year by year with blood not his own,
26or else he must have suffered often since the foundation of the world. But now once at the end of the ages, he has been revealed to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself.
27Inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once, and after this, judgment,
28so Christ also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, will appear a second time, not to deal with sin, but to save those who are eagerly waiting for him.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Hebrews 9:12
“nor yet through the blood of goats and calves, but through his own blood, entered in once for all into the Holy Place, having obtained eternal redemption.”
This verse highlights the central theme of the chapter regarding the unique efficacy and finality of Christ's sacrifice.
Hebrews 9:22
“According to the law, nearly everything is cleansed with blood, and apart from shedding of blood there is no remission.”
It establishes the biblical principle of atonement necessary for the forgiveness of sins within both the Old and New Covenants.
Hebrews 9:27
“Inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once, and after this, judgment,”
A significant verse regarding the human condition and the certainty of divine judgment following physical death.
Chapter Summary
Hebrews 9 begins by detailing the structure and rituals of the earthly tabernacle, including the lampstand, the showbread, and the Holy of Holies containing the Ark of the Covenant. The author explains that while the high priest entered the inner sanctuary once a year with animal blood, these physical offerings could not truly perfect the conscience of the worshiper. Christ is then presented as the High Priest of a superior, heavenly tabernacle. Unlike the repetitive sacrifices of goats and calves, Christ offered His own blood once for all, securing eternal redemption. The chapter emphasizes that a covenant requires death to be in force, much as a last will and testament does. It concludes by stating that Christ was sacrificed once to bear the sins of many and will appear a second time, not to deal with sin, but to bring salvation to those eagerly waiting for Him.
Frequently Asked Questions
The text specifies that the ark contained a golden pot of manna, Aaron’s rod that budded, and the stone tablets of the covenant.
Hebrews explains that the first covenant required blood for dedication because, according to the law, nearly everything is cleansed with blood and without its shedding there is no remission of sins.
While the high priest entered the earthly sanctuary annually with animal blood, Christ entered the heavenly sanctuary once with His own blood to obtain eternal redemption and cleanse the conscience.
It states that Christ will appear a second time, not to deal with sin as He did in His first coming, but to save those who are eagerly waiting for Him.
Study Note
The author uses the Greek word 'parabolē' in verse 9 (translated as symbol or figure) to describe the earthly tabernacle as a symbolic representation of the present age.
Related Chapters
Exodus 25
Provides the original instructions for building the tabernacle and its furnishings mentioned in Hebrews 9.
Leviticus 16
Details the Day of Atonement rituals which the author of Hebrews contrasts with Christ's ministry.
Matthew 26
Records Jesus establishing the New Covenant through His blood at the Last Supper.
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