Acts Chapter 22 — Paul's Defense in Jerusalem
Paul addresses the crowd in Jerusalem with his personal testimony before revealing his Roman citizenship to avoid an illegal scourging.
1“Brothers and fathers, listen to the defense which I now make to you.”
2When they heard that he spoke to them in the Hebrew language, they were even more quiet.
3“I am indeed a Jew, born in Tarsus of Cilicia, but brought up in this city at the feet of Gamaliel, instructed according to the strict tradition of the law of our fathers, being zealous for God, even as you all are today.
4I persecuted this Way to the death, binding and delivering into prisons both men and women,
5as also the high priest and all the council of the elders testify, from whom also I received letters to the brothers, and traveled to Damascus to bring them also who were there to Jerusalem in bonds to be punished.
6“As I made my journey and came close to Damascus, about noon suddenly a great light shone around me from the sky.
7I fell to the ground and heard a voice saying to me, ‘Saul, Saul, why are you persecuting me?’
8I answered, ‘Who are you, Lord?’ He said to me, ‘I am Jesus of Nazareth, whom you persecute.’
9“Those who were with me indeed saw the light and were afraid, but they didn’t understand the voice of him who spoke to me.
10I said, ‘What shall I do, Lord?’ The Lord said to me, ‘Arise, and go into Damascus. There you will be told about all things which are appointed for you to do.’
11When I couldn’t see for the glory of that light, being led by the hand of those who were with me, I came into Damascus.
12“One Ananias, a devout man according to the law, well reported of by all the Jews who lived in Damascus,
13came to me, and standing by me said to me, ‘Brother Saul, receive your sight!’ In that very hour I looked up at him.
14He said, ‘The God of our fathers has appointed you to know his will, and to see the Righteous One, and to hear a voice from his mouth.
15For you will be a witness for him to all men of what you have seen and heard.
16Now why do you wait? Arise, be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on the name of the Lord.’
17“When I had returned to Jerusalem and while I prayed in the temple, I fell into a trance
18and saw him saying to me, ‘Hurry and get out of Jerusalem quickly, because they will not receive testimony concerning me from you.’
19I said, ‘Lord, they themselves know that I imprisoned and beat in every synagogue those who believed in you.
20When the blood of Stephen, your witness, was shed, I also was standing by, consenting to his death, and guarding the cloaks of those who killed him.’
21“He said to me, ‘Depart, for I will send you out far from here to the Gentiles.’ ”
22They listened to him until he said that; then they lifted up their voice and said, “Rid the earth of this fellow, for he isn’t fit to live!”
23As they cried out, threw off their cloaks, and threw dust into the air,
24the commanding officer commanded him to be brought into the barracks, ordering him to be examined by scourging, that he might know for what crime they shouted against him like that.
25When they had tied him up with straps, Paul asked the centurion who stood by, “Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman, and not found guilty?”
26When the centurion heard it, he went to the commanding officer and told him, “Watch what you are about to do, for this man is a Roman!”
27The commanding officer came and asked him, “Tell me, are you a Roman?”
28The commanding officer answered, “I bought my citizenship for a great price.”
29Immediately those who were about to examine him departed from him, and the commanding officer also was afraid when he realized that he was a Roman, because he had bound him.
30But on the next day, desiring to know the truth about why he was accused by the Jews, he freed him from the bonds and commanded the chief priests and all the council to come together, and brought Paul down and set him before them.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Acts 22:16
““Now why do you wait? Arise, be baptized, and wash away your sins, calling on the name of the Lord.””
This verse emphasizes the call to action and spiritual renewal through baptism following Paul's conversion.
Acts 22:21
““He said to me, ‘Depart, for I will send you out far from here to the Gentiles.’””
This declaration is the specific command that highlights Paul's mission and enrages the crowd.
Acts 22:25
““When they had tied him up with straps, Paul asked the centurion who stood by, ‘Is it lawful for you to scourge a man who is a Roman, and not found guilty?’””
Paul uses his legal standing as a Roman citizen to protect himself from an unlawful and unproven punishment.
Chapter Summary
In Acts Chapter 22, Paul defends himself before a hostile crowd in Jerusalem by speaking in the Hebrew language and recounting his upbringing under the respected teacher Gamaliel. He describes his former life as a zealous persecutor of the Way, binding and imprisoning Christians. He then details his life-changing encounter with Jesus on the road to Damascus and his subsequent healing by Ananias. Paul explains that while he was praying in the temple, God commissioned him to take the message of Christ to the Gentiles. This statement triggers a violent reaction from the crowd, who demand his death. To restore order, the Roman commander orders Paul to be scourged to extract information. However, Paul reveals that he is a Roman citizen by birth. This information causes the Roman officials to fear legal repercussions and stop the punishment, leading the commander to set Paul before the Jewish council the following day to determine the cause of the accusations.
Frequently Asked Questions
The crowd became quiet and attentive because Paul addressed them in the Hebrew language, which showed his deep connection to Jewish culture and heritage.
Gamaliel was a renowned and respected teacher of the Jewish law under whom Paul was educated, signifying Paul's expert training in strict tradition.
Because it was illegal to scourge or bind a Roman citizen without a trial, Paul's status caused the Roman officials to immediately halt their interrogation by force.
The crowd's anger erupted when Paul stated that God had specifically sent him to preach to the Gentiles, a mission they were unwilling to accept.
Study Note
The 'Hebrew language' mentioned in verse 2 likely refers to Aramaic, the common spoken language of Jews in the first century.
Related Chapters
Acts Chapter 9
This chapter provides the primary narrative of Paul's conversion on the road to Damascus which he recounts here.
Acts Chapter 7
Paul explicitly mentions his role in the death of Stephen, which is detailed in this earlier chapter.
Acts Chapter 23
This chapter follows the events in the barracks and Paul's appearance before the Sanhedrin.
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