2 Samuel Chapter 5 — David Becomes King of All Israel
All the tribes of Israel unite under David's kingship at Hebron, followed by the capture of Jerusalem and two major victories over the Philistines.
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Notable Verses
2 Samuel 5:10
“David grew greater and greater, for the LORD, the God of Armies, was with him.”
This verse highlights the source of David's success and the steady growth of his influence as king.
2 Samuel 5:12
“David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel’s sake.”
It shows David's recognition that his authority was granted by God for the benefit of the nation rather than personal glory.
Chapter Summary
In 2 Samuel 5, the tribes of Israel gather at Hebron to acknowledge David as their rightful ruler, citing his past leadership and God's promise that he would shepherd the nation. The elders make a covenant with David and anoint him king over all Israel. David, who began his reign at age thirty, moves his base from Hebron to Jerusalem after capturing the stronghold of Zion from the Jebusites. He establishes Jerusalem as his capital, builds a palace with materials from Hiram of Tyre, and recognizes that God has established his kingdom for Israel's sake. The chapter also details David's growing family and his successful military campaigns against the Philistines. By inquiring of the Lord before battle, David receives specific strategies—including listening for the sound of marching in the mulberry trees—to defeat the Philistine armies and secure the borders of his newly unified kingdom.
Frequently Asked Questions
The elders acknowledged David's previous leadership under Saul and recognized the Lord's promise that David would be the shepherd and prince over Israel. They formally made a covenant and anointed him at Hebron to unify the nation.
David and his men attacked the Jebusite inhabitants who believed their city's defenses were so strong that even 'the blind and the lame' could hold it. David took the stronghold of Zion, renamed it the City of David, and built up the area starting from the Millo.
After the Philistines attacked, David inquired of the Lord and was promised victory. He defeated them there and named the place Baal Perazim, meaning 'Lord who breaks out,' because the Lord broke through his enemies like a breach of waters.
Study Note
The reference to 'the blind and the lame' in the Jebusite taunt is a historical and linguistic puzzle, likely referring to the perceived invincibility of Jerusalem's natural fortifications.
Related Chapters
1 Samuel 16
This chapter records David's initial private anointing by the prophet Samuel as a youth.
1 Chronicles 11
This chapter provides a parallel historical account of David becoming king and the capture of Jerusalem.
2 Samuel 6
Following his establishment in Jerusalem, David moves the Ark of the Covenant to the new capital.
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