2 Samuel Chapter 2 — David Anointed and Civil Conflict
David is crowned king of Judah in Hebron while Saul's son Ishbosheth is made king over Israel, sparking a violent confrontation between their armies.
1After this, David inquired of the LORD, saying, “Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah?”
2So David went up there with his two wives, Ahinoam the Jezreelitess, and Abigail the wife of Nabal the Carmelite.
3David brought up his men who were with him, every man with his household. They lived in the cities of Hebron.
4The men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah. They told David, “The men of Jabesh Gilead were those who buried Saul.”
5David sent messengers to the men of Jabesh Gilead, and said to them, “Blessed are you by the LORD, that you have shown this kindness to your lord, even to Saul, and have buried him.
6Now may the LORD show loving kindness and truth to you. I also will reward you for this kindness, because you have done this thing.
7Now therefore let your hands be strong, and be valiant; for Saul your lord is dead, and also the house of Judah have anointed me king over them.”
8Now Abner the son of Ner, captain of Saul’s army, had taken Ishbosheth the son of Saul and brought him over to Mahanaim.
9He made him king over Gilead, over the Ashurites, over Jezreel, over Ephraim, over Benjamin, and over all Israel.
10Ishbosheth, Saul’s son, was forty years old when he began to reign over Israel, and he reigned two years. But the house of Judah followed David.
11The time that David was king in Hebron over the house of Judah was seven years and six months.
12Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ishbosheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahanaim to Gibeon.
13Joab the son of Zeruiah and David’s servants went out, and met them by the pool of Gibeon; and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool and the other on the other side of the pool.
14Abner said to Joab, “Please let the young men arise and compete before us!”
15Then they arose and went over by number: twelve for Benjamin and for Ishbosheth the son of Saul, and twelve of David’s servants.
16They each caught his opponent by the head and thrust his sword in his fellow’s side; so they fell down together. Therefore that place in Gibeon was called Helkath Hazzurim.*“Helkath Hazzurim” means “field of daggers”.
17The battle was very severe that day; and Abner was beaten, and the men of Israel, before David’s servants.
18The three sons of Zeruiah were there: Joab, Abishai, and Asahel. Asahel was as light of foot as a wild gazelle.
19Asahel pursued Abner. He didn’t turn to the right hand or to the left from following Abner.
20Then Abner looked behind him and said, “Is that you, Asahel?”
21Abner said to him, “Turn away to your right hand or to your left, and grab one of the young men, and take his armor.” But Asahel would not turn away from following him.
22Abner said again to Asahel, “Turn away from following me. Why should I strike you to the ground? How then could I look Joab your brother in the face?”
23However, he refused to turn away. Therefore Abner with the back end of the spear struck him in the body, so that the spear came out behind him; and he fell down there and died in the same place. As many as came to the place where Asahel fell down and died stood still.
24But Joab and Abishai pursued Abner. The sun went down when they had come to the hill of Ammah, that lies before Giah by the way of the wilderness of Gibeon.
25The children of Benjamin gathered themselves together after Abner and became one band, and stood on the top of a hill.
26Then Abner called to Joab, and said, “Shall the sword devour forever? Don’t you know that it will be bitterness in the latter end? How long will it be then, before you ask the people to return from following their brothers?”
27Joab said, “As God†The Hebrew word rendered “God” is “אֱלֹהִ֑ים” (Elohim). lives, if you had not spoken, surely then in the morning the people would have gone away, and not each followed his brother.”
28So Joab blew the trumpet; and all the people stood still and pursued Israel no more, and they fought no more.
29Abner and his men went all that night through the Arabah; and they passed over the Jordan, and went through all Bithron, and came to Mahanaim.
30Joab returned from following Abner; and when he had gathered all the people together, nineteen men of David’s and Asahel were missing.
31But David’s servants had struck Benjamin Abner’s men so that three hundred sixty men died.
32They took up Asahel and buried him in the tomb of his father, which was in Bethlehem. Joab and his men went all night, and the day broke on them at Hebron.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
2 Samuel 2:1
“After this, David inquired of the LORD, saying, “Shall I go up into any of the cities of Judah?””
This verse demonstrates David's habit of seeking divine direction before taking significant political or military actions.
2 Samuel 2:4
“The men of Judah came, and there they anointed David king over the house of Judah.”
This marks the official start of David's reign, though initially limited to a single tribe.
2 Samuel 2:26
“Then Abner called to Joab, and said, “Shall the sword devour forever? Don’t you know that it will be bitterness in the latter end?””
This plea for a truce highlights the tragic nature of the internal conflict between the tribes of Israel.
Chapter Summary
Following the death of Saul, David inquires of the LORD and moves to Hebron with his households. There, the men of Judah anoint David as their king. David shows diplomatic grace by sending a blessing to the men of Jabesh Gilead for their kindness in burying Saul. However, national unity remains elusive as Abner, the commander of Saul's army, installs Saul's son Ishbosheth as king over the remaining tribes of Israel. This political division leads to a violent encounter at the pool of Gibeon between the forces of Joab, representing David, and Abner, representing Ishbosheth. A challenge between young soldiers escalates into a full battle. During the retreat, Joab’s brother Asahel pursues Abner and is killed in the struggle. The chapter concludes with a temporary truce, though the conflict results in significant casualties and highlights the growing rift within the nation.
Frequently Asked Questions
The kingdom was divided; David was anointed king over the house of Judah in Hebron, while Saul's son, Ishbosheth, was made king over the rest of Israel by Abner.
A confrontation occurred between the servants of David and Ishbosheth. It began with a representative contest between twelve men from each side that turned into a fierce battle when all twenty-four participants were killed.
Asahel, who was exceptionally fast, pursued Abner during the retreat. Despite Abner's repeated warnings to turn away and avoid a fatal confrontation, Asahel refused, and Abner killed him in self-defense with his spear.
The name means 'field of daggers' or 'field of sharp knives,' referring to the place where the twelve pairs of soldiers killed each other during the initial contest.
Study Note
The seven-year and six-month reign of David in Hebron represents a transitional phase in biblical history where David's authority was recognized only by his own tribe before the eventual unification of the nation.
Related Chapters
1 Samuel 31
The events of this chapter immediately follow the death of Saul and his sons recorded at the end of 1 Samuel.
2 Samuel 5
This later chapter records when David is eventually anointed king over all of Israel, ending the division started here.
1 Chronicles 11
This parallel passage provides another account of David's rise to power and his anointing.
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