2 Samuel Chapter 12 — Nathan Confronts David
The prophet Nathan uses a parable to confront King David about his actions toward Uriah and Bathsheba, leading to David's repentance and the birth of Solomon.
1The LORD sent Nathan to David. He came to him, and said to him, “There were two men in one city: the one rich, and the other poor.
2The rich man had very many flocks and herds,
3but the poor man had nothing, except one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and raised. It grew up together with him and with his children. It ate of his own food, drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was like a daughter to him.
4A traveler came to the rich man, and he didn’t want to take of his own flock and of his own herd to prepare for the wayfaring man who had come to him, but took the poor man’s lamb and prepared it for the man who had come to him.”
5David’s anger burned hot against the man, and he said to Nathan, “As the LORD lives, the man who has done this deserves to die!
6He must restore the lamb fourfold, because he did this thing and because he had no pity!”
7Nathan said to David, “You are the man! This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul.
8I gave you your master’s house and your master’s wives into your bosom, and gave you the house of Israel and of Judah; and if that would have been too little, I would have added to you many more such things.
9Why have you despised the LORD’s word, to do that which is evil in his sight? You have struck Uriah the Hittite with the sword, have taken his wife to be your wife, and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon.
10Now therefore the sword will never depart from your house, because you have despised me and have taken Uriah the Hittite’s wife to be your wife.’
11“This is what the LORD says: ‘Behold, I will raise up evil against you out of your own house; and I will take your wives before your eyes and give them to your neighbor, and he will lie with your wives in the sight of this sun.
12For you did this secretly, but I will do this thing before all Israel, and before the sun.’ ”
13David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the LORD.”
14However, because by this deed you have given great occasion to the LORD’s enemies to blaspheme, the child also who is born to you will surely die.”
15Then Nathan departed to his house.
16David therefore begged God for the child; and David fasted, and went in and lay all night on the ground.
17The elders of his house arose beside him, to raise him up from the earth; but he would not, and he didn’t eat bread with them.
18On the seventh day, the child died. David’s servants were afraid to tell him that the child was dead, for they said, “Behold, while the child was yet alive, we spoke to him and he didn’t listen to our voice. How will he then harm himself if we tell him that the child is dead?”
19But when David saw that his servants were whispering together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said to his servants, “Is the child dead?”
20Then David arose from the earth, and washed and anointed himself, and changed his clothing; and he came into the LORD’s house, and worshiped. Then he came to his own house; and when he requested, they set bread before him and he ate.
21Then his servants said to him, “What is this that you have done? You fasted and wept for the child while he was alive, but when the child was dead, you rose up and ate bread.”
22He said, “While the child was yet alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, ‘Who knows whether the LORD will not be gracious to me, that the child may live?’
23But now he is dead. Why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me.”
24David comforted Bathsheba his wife, and went in to her, and lay with her. She bore a son, and he called his name Solomon. The LORD loved him;
25and he sent by the hand of Nathan the prophet, and he named him Jedidiah,*“Jedidiah” means “loved by the LORD”. for the LORD’s sake.
26Now Joab fought against Rabbah of the children of Ammon, and took the royal city.
27Joab sent messengers to David, and said, “I have fought against Rabbah. Yes, I have taken the city of waters.
28Now therefore gather the rest of the people together, and encamp against the city and take it; lest I take the city, and it be called by my name.”
29David gathered all the people together and went to Rabbah, and fought against it and took it.
30He took the crown of their king from off his head; and its weight was a talent†A talent is about 30 kilograms or 66 pounds or 965 Troy ounces of gold, and in it were precious stones; and it was set on David’s head. He brought a great quantity of plunder out of the city.
31He brought out the people who were in it, and put them to work under saws, under iron picks, under axes of iron, and made them go to the brick kiln; and he did so to all the cities of the children of Ammon. Then David and all the people returned to Jerusalem.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
2 Samuel 12:7
“Nathan said to David, “You are the man! This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: ‘I anointed you king over Israel, and I delivered you out of the hand of Saul.'"”
This is the pivotal moment where Nathan reveals the true purpose of his parable and directly confronts David's guilt.
2 Samuel 12:13
“David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the LORD.””
This verse marks David's immediate and humble confession, distinguishing him from other leaders who made excuses for their errors.
2 Samuel 12:23
“But now he is dead. Why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I will go to him, but he will not return to me.”
This verse reflects David's theological perspective on the finality of death and his hope for a future reunion.
Chapter Summary
In 2 Samuel Chapter 12, the prophet Nathan is sent by God to confront King David. Nathan tells a story of a rich man who steals a poor man's beloved ewe lamb to feed a traveler, provoking David's outrage. Nathan then reveals that David is the man in the story, highlighting his sin in taking Uriah's wife and arranging Uriah's death. David confesses his sin, and Nathan declares God's forgiveness while also listing the consequences: the child born to David and Bathsheba will die, and conflict will arise within David's household. After the child dies, David ends his mourning, washes, and worships God. Eventually, Bathsheba gives birth to another son, Solomon, whom God loves and names Jedidiah. The chapter concludes with David leading Israel to victory against the Ammonite city of Rabbah, where he takes the king's crown and puts the people to work.
Frequently Asked Questions
The parable illustrates the injustice David committed against Uriah. By showing a rich man stealing a poor man's only lamb, Nathan highlights how David, who had many wives, took Uriah's only wife and then had Uriah killed.
Unlike King Saul, who often offered excuses, David immediately acknowledges his guilt. He tells Nathan, 'I have sinned against the Lord,' which leads to Nathan's assurance that God has put away his sin.
David explained that he fasted while the child was alive in hopes that God would be gracious and spare him. Once the death occurred, he recognized the outcome was final and chose to worship God and resume his daily life.
Study Note
The name Jedidiah, given to Solomon by Nathan in verse 25, means 'beloved of the Lord,' signifying God's continued relationship with David's line despite the preceding crisis.
Related Chapters
2 Samuel 11
This chapter provides the necessary context for the sins David is confronted with in Chapter 12.
Psalm 51
This Psalm is traditionally recognized as David's prayer of repentance following Nathan's visit.
1 Kings 1
Solomon, whose birth is recorded in this chapter, eventually succeeds David as the king of Israel.
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