2 Samuel Chapter 11 — David and Bathsheba
King David commits adultery with Bathsheba and, after failing to cover up her pregnancy, arranges for her husband Uriah to be killed in battle.
1At the return of the year, at the time when kings go out, David sent Joab and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem.
2At evening, David arose from his bed and walked on the roof of the king’s house. From the roof, he saw a woman bathing, and the woman was very beautiful to look at.
3David sent and inquired after the woman. One said, “Isn’t this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, Uriah the Hittite’s wife?”
4David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in to him, and he lay with her (for she was purified from her uncleanness); and she returned to her house.
5The woman conceived; and she sent and told David, and said, “I am with child.”
6David sent to Joab, “Send me Uriah the Hittite.” Joab sent Uriah to David.
7When Uriah had come to him, David asked him how Joab did, and how the people fared, and how the war prospered.
8David said to Uriah, “Go down to your house and wash your feet.” Uriah departed out of the king’s house, and a gift from the king was sent after him.
9But Uriah slept at the door of the king’s house with all the servants of his lord, and didn’t go down to his house.
10When they had told David, saying, “Uriah didn’t go down to his house,” David said to Uriah, “Haven’t you come from a journey? Why didn’t you go down to your house?”
11Uriah said to David, “The ark, Israel, and Judah, are staying in tents; and my lord Joab and the servants of my lord are encamped in the open field. Shall I then go into my house to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? As you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do this thing!”
12David said to Uriah, “Stay here today also, and tomorrow I will let you depart.” So Uriah stayed in Jerusalem that day and the next day.
13When David had called him, he ate and drank before him; and he made him drunk. At evening, he went out to lie on his bed with the servants of his lord, but didn’t go down to his house.
14In the morning, David wrote a letter to Joab and sent it by the hand of Uriah.
15He wrote in the letter, saying, “Send Uriah to the forefront of the hottest battle, and retreat from him, that he may be struck and die.”
16When Joab kept watch on the city, he assigned Uriah to the place where he knew that valiant men were.
17The men of the city went out and fought with Joab. Some of the people fell, even of David’s servants; and Uriah the Hittite died also.
18Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;
19and he commanded the messenger, saying, “When you have finished telling all the things concerning the war to the king,
20it shall be that, if the king’s wrath arise, and he asks you, ‘Why did you go so near to the city to fight? Didn’t you know that they would shoot from the wall?
21Who struck Abimelech the son of Jerubbesheth? Didn’t a woman cast an upper millstone on him from the wall, so that he died at Thebez? Why did you go so near the wall?’ then you shall say, ‘Your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.’ ”
22So the messenger went, and came and showed David all that Joab had sent him for.
23The messenger said to David, “The men prevailed against us, and came out to us into the field; and we were on them even to the entrance of the gate.
24The shooters shot at your servants from off the wall; and some of the king’s servants are dead, and your servant Uriah the Hittite is also dead.”
25Then David said to the messenger, “Tell Joab, ‘Don’t let this thing displease you, for the sword devours one as well as another. Make your battle stronger against the city, and overthrow it.’ Encourage him.”
26When Uriah’s wife heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband.
27When the mourning was past, David sent and took her home to his house, and she became his wife and bore him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased the LORD.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
2 Samuel 11:1
“At the return of the year, at the time when kings go out, David sent Joab and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon and besieged Rabbah. But David stayed at Jerusalem.”
This verse sets the stage for the chapter by highlighting David's unusual decision to stay behind while his army went to war.
2 Samuel 11:11
“Uriah said to David, “The ark, Israel, and Judah, are staying in tents; and my lord Joab and the servants of my lord are encamped in the open field. Shall I then go into my house to eat and to drink, and to lie with my wife? As you live, and as your soul lives, I will not do this thing!””
Uriah’s words emphasize his integrity and loyalty, providing a sharp contrast to David’s deceptive actions.
2 Samuel 11:27
“When the mourning was past, David sent and took her home to his house, and she became his wife and bore him a son. But the thing that David had done displeased the LORD.”
This concluding sentence indicates that while David’s plan succeeded humanly, it did not escape divine judgment.
Chapter Summary
In 2 Samuel 11, the narrative describes a pivotal moral failure in the life of King David. While the Israelite army, led by Joab, is away besieging the city of Rabbah, David remains in Jerusalem. One evening, David sees a woman named Bathsheba bathing and sends for her, despite learning she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite. After committing adultery, Bathsheba informs David that she is pregnant. David attempts to cover his actions by recalling Uriah from the front lines, hoping he will return home to his wife. However, Uriah's steadfast devotion to his fellow soldiers prevents him from seeking personal comfort. Realizing his plan has failed, David sends a letter to Joab instructing him to place Uriah in the most dangerous part of the battle and then retreat. Uriah is killed in the conflict. After Bathsheba finishes her period of mourning, David takes her as his wife, and she bears a son. The chapter ends with the solemn observation that David's actions were displeasing to the Lord.
Frequently Asked Questions
The text does not give a specific reason why David stayed behind, but it notes that it was the time when kings normally went out to battle. His decision to remain in the city provided the opportunity for the events involving Bathsheba to unfold.
David initially brought Bathsheba's husband, Uriah, back from the war, hoping he would go home to his wife so the pregnancy would appear to be his. When Uriah's sense of duty prevented this, David arranged for Uriah to be killed on the battlefield.
Uriah was a loyal soldier in King David's army and the husband of Bathsheba. He is depicted as a man of great character who refused to enjoy the comforts of his home while his commander and fellow soldiers were still in the field.
Study Note
The phrase 'at the time when kings go out' serves as a literary critique, suggesting that David's absence from his royal duties was a precursor to his moral lapse.
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