2 Chronicles Chapter 4 — Furnishing the Temple
King Solomon commissions the creation of the bronze altar, the molten sea supported by twelve oxen, and various golden furnishings for the temple.
1Then he made an altar of bronze, twenty cubits*A cubit is the length from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow on a man’s arm, or about 18 inches or 46 centimeters. long, twenty cubits wide, and ten cubits high.
2Also he made the molten sea†or, pool, or, reservoir of ten cubits from brim to brim. It was round, five cubits high, and thirty cubits in circumference.
3Under it was the likeness of oxen, which encircled it, for ten cubits, encircling the sea. The oxen were in two rows, cast when it was cast.
4It stood on twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, three looking toward the west, three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; and the sea was set on them above, and all their hindquarters were inward.
5It was a handbreadth thick. Its brim was made like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily. It received and held three thousand baths.‡A bath is about 5.6 U. S. gallons or 21.1 liters, so 3,000 baths is about 16,800 gallons or 63.3 kiloliters.
6He also made ten basins, and put five on the right hand and five on the left, to wash in them. The things that belonged to the burnt offering were washed in them, but the sea was for the priests to wash in.
7He made the ten lamp stands of gold according to the ordinance concerning them; and he set them in the temple, five on the right hand and five on the left.
8He made also ten tables, and placed them in the temple, five on the right side and five on the left. He made one hundred basins of gold.
9Furthermore he made the court of the priests, the great court, and doors for the court, and overlaid their doors with bronze.
10He set the sea on the right side of the house eastward, toward the south.
11Huram made the pots, the shovels, and the basins.
12the two pillars, the bowls, the two capitals which were on the top of the pillars, the two networks to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the top of the pillars,
13and the four hundred pomegranates for the two networks—two rows of pomegranates for each network, to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the pillars.
14He also made the bases, and he made the basins on the bases—
15one sea, and the twelve oxen under it.
16Huram-abi§“abi” means “his father” also made the pots, the shovels, the forks, and all its vessels for King Solomon, for the LORD’s house, of bright bronze.
17The king cast them in the plain of the Jordan, in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredah.
18Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance, so that the weight of the bronze could not be determined.
19Solomon made all the vessels that were in God’s house: the golden altar, the tables with the show bread on them,
20and the lamp stands with their lamps to burn according to the ordinance before the inner sanctuary, of pure gold;
21and the flowers, the lamps, and the tongs of gold that was purest gold;
22and the snuffers, the basins, the spoons, and the fire pans of pure gold. As for the entry of the house, its inner doors for the most holy place and the doors of the main hall of the temple were of gold.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
2 Chronicles 4:2
“Also he made the molten sea of ten cubits from brim to brim. It was round, five cubits high, and thirty cubits in circumference.”
This describes the massive bronze basin used for purification within the temple court.
2 Chronicles 4:7
“He made the ten lamp stands of gold according to the ordinance concerning them; and he set them in the temple, five on the right hand and five on the left.”
This highlights the symmetry and adherence to divine instructions for the temple's lighting.
2 Chronicles 4:18
“Thus Solomon made all these vessels in great abundance, so that the weight of the bronze could not be determined.”
This verse emphasizes the immense scale of resources dedicated to the construction of the temple.
Chapter Summary
This chapter details the construction of the interior and exterior furnishings for the temple in Jerusalem. Solomon oversees the creation of a massive bronze altar and the molten sea, a large reservoir for priestly washing that rests upon twelve bronze oxen facing every cardinal direction. The craftsman Huram-abi produces numerous bronze items, including pots, shovels, and basins, in the clay ground of the Jordan plain. Inside the temple, Solomon installs ten golden lampstands, ten tables for showbread, and one hundred golden basins. The sheer volume of bronze used was so vast that its weight was never recorded. The chapter concludes with a list of the golden items, including the altar, the lamps, and the doors of the Most Holy Place, highlighting the meticulous detail and precious materials dedicated to the house of God.
Frequently Asked Questions
The molten sea was a large bronze reservoir used by the priests for washing and purification. It was ten cubits wide, five cubits high, and rested on twelve bronze oxen.
Huram-abi was a skilled craftsman who worked for King Solomon. He was responsible for casting the bronze pillars, the pots, the shovels, and various other vessels used in temple worship.
King Solomon had the bronze vessels cast in the plain of the Jordan. Specifically, the casting took place in the clay ground between Succoth and Zeredah.
Study Note
The capacity of the molten sea, mentioned as three thousand baths, highlights the significantly larger scale of the Temple compared to the earlier Tabernacle.
Related Chapters
1 Kings Chapter 7
This chapter provides a parallel description of Solomon's palace and temple furnishings.
2 Chronicles Chapter 3
This chapter describes the initial construction and dimensions of the temple building itself.
Exodus Chapter 25
This chapter contains the original instructions for the Tabernacle furnishings, which the temple items expand upon.
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