1 Samuel Chapter 12 — Samuel’s Farewell Address

Samuel gives his final address to the people of Israel, defending his own integrity while urging the nation and their new king to remain faithful to God.

IntegrityGod's SovereigntyRepentanceCovenant Faithfulness

1Samuel said to all Israel, “Behold, I have listened to your voice in all that you said to me, and have made a king over you.

2Now, behold, the king walks before you. I am old and gray-headed. Behold, my sons are with you. I have walked before you from my youth to this day.

3Here I am. Witness against me before the LORD and before his anointed. Whose ox have I taken? Whose donkey have I taken? Whom have I defrauded? Whom have I oppressed? Of whose hand have I taken a bribe to make me blind my eyes? I will restore it to you.”

4They said, “You have not defrauded us, nor oppressed us, neither have you taken anything from anyone’s hand.”

5He said to them, “The LORD is witness against you, and his anointed is witness today, that you have not found anything in my hand.”

6Samuel said to the people, “It is the LORD who appointed Moses and Aaron, and that brought your fathers up out of the land of Egypt.

7Now therefore stand still, that I may plead with you before the LORD concerning all the righteous acts of the LORD, which he did to you and to your fathers.

8“When Jacob had come into Egypt, and your fathers cried to the LORD, then the LORD sent Moses and Aaron, who brought your fathers out of Egypt, and made them to dwell in this place.

9But they forgot the LORD their God; and he sold them into the hand of Sisera, captain of the army of Hazor, and into the hand of the Philistines, and into the hand of the king of Moab; and they fought against them.

10They cried to the LORD, and said, ‘We have sinned, because we have forsaken the LORD and have served the Baals and the Ashtaroth; but now deliver us out of the hand of our enemies, and we will serve you.’

11The LORD sent Jerubbaal, Bedan, Jephthah, and Samuel, and delivered you out of the hand of your enemies on every side; and you lived in safety.

12“When you saw that Nahash the king of the children of Ammon came against you, you said to me, ‘No, but a king shall reign over us,’ when the LORD your God was your king.

13Now therefore see the king whom you have chosen and whom you have asked for. Behold, the LORD has set a king over you.

14If you will fear the LORD, and serve him, and listen to his voice, and not rebel against the commandment of the LORD, then both you and also the king who reigns over you are followers of the LORD your God.

15But if you will not listen to the LORD’s voice, but rebel against the commandment of the LORD, then the LORD’s hand will be against you, as it was against your fathers.

16“Now therefore stand still and see this great thing, which the LORD will do before your eyes.

17Isn’t it wheat harvest today? I will call to the LORD, that he may send thunder and rain; and you will know and see that your wickedness is great, which you have done in the LORD’s sight, in asking for a king.”

18So Samuel called to the LORD, and the LORD sent thunder and rain that day. Then all the people greatly feared the LORD and Samuel.

19All the people said to Samuel, “Pray for your servants to the LORD your God, that we not die; for we have added to all our sins this evil, to ask for a king.”

20Samuel said to the people, “Don’t be afraid. You have indeed done all this evil; yet don’t turn away from following the LORD, but serve the LORD with all your heart.

21Don’t turn away to go after vain things which can’t profit or deliver, for they are vain.

22For the LORD will not forsake his people for his great name’s sake, because it has pleased the LORD to make you a people for himself.

23Moreover, as for me, far be it from me that I should sin against the LORD in ceasing to pray for you; but I will instruct you in the good and the right way.

24Only fear the LORD, and serve him in truth with all your heart; for consider what great things he has done for you.

25But if you keep doing evil, you will be consumed, both you and your king.”

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

1 Samuel 12:22

For the LORD will not forsake his people for his great name’s sake, because it has pleased the LORD to make you a people for himself.

This verse emphasizes God's enduring commitment to His people based on His own character rather than their merit.

1 Samuel 12:24

Only fear the LORD, and serve him in truth with all your heart; for consider what great things he has done for you.

It provides a concise summary of the response God requires from His people in light of His past deliverances.

Chapter Summary

In 1 Samuel Chapter 12, the prophet Samuel gathers all Israel to witness his transition of power to King Saul. He begins by challenging the assembly to find any fault in his leadership, and the people testify to his absolute integrity. Samuel then recounts Israel's history, highlighting God's constant deliverance through Moses, Aaron, and various judges, contrasting this with the people's recent demand for a human king despite God being their true ruler. To demonstrate the gravity of their choice, Samuel calls for a miraculous storm of thunder and rain during the dry wheat harvest. Seeing this sign, the people confess their sin of asking for a king. Samuel concludes by reassuring them that God will not forsake them for His name’s sake, but he warns that both the people and their king must serve the Lord with all their heart or face being consumed.

Frequently Asked Questions

Samuel called for thunder and rain during the wheat harvest, a typically dry season, as a divine sign to show the Israelites that their demand for a king was considered a great wickedness in the sight of the Lord.

Samuel asks the people to testify if he has ever defrauded, oppressed, or taken a bribe from anyone. The people confirm that Samuel has been an honest and just leader throughout his entire life.

Samuel warns that if the people or their king fail to listen to God and instead rebel against His commandments, the hand of the Lord will be against them, leading to their consumption.

Study Note

The 'wheat harvest' mentioned in verse 17 typically occurs in May or June, a time when rain is extremely rare in the climate of Israel, making the sudden storm a clear miraculous sign.

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