Deuteronomy Chapter 28 — Blessings and Curses

Moses outlines the abundant blessings for following God's commands and the severe curses for disobedience as Israel prepares to enter the Promised Land.

CovenantObedienceConsequencesBlessings and CursesFaithfulness

1It shall happen, if you shall listen diligently to the LORD your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments which I command you today, that the LORD your God will set you high above all the nations of the earth.

2All these blessings will come upon you, and overtake you, if you listen to the LORD your God’s voice.

3You shall be blessed in the city, and you shall be blessed in the field.

4You shall be blessed in the fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground, the fruit of your animals, the increase of your livestock, and the young of your flock.

5Your basket and your kneading trough shall be blessed.

6You shall be blessed when you come in, and you shall be blessed when you go out.

7The LORD will cause your enemies who rise up against you to be struck before you. They will come out against you one way, and will flee before you seven ways.

8The LORD will command the blessing on you in your barns, and in all that you put your hand to. He will bless you in the land which the LORD your God gives you.

9The LORD will establish you for a holy people to himself, as he has sworn to you, if you shall keep the commandments of the LORD your God, and walk in his ways.

10All the peoples of the earth shall see that you are called by the LORD’s name, and they will be afraid of you.

11The LORD will grant you abundant prosperity in the fruit of your body, in the fruit of your livestock, and in the fruit of your ground, in the land which the LORD swore to your fathers to give you.

12The LORD will open to you his good treasure in the sky, to give the rain of your land in its season, and to bless all the work of your hand. You will lend to many nations, and you will not borrow.

13The LORD will make you the head, and not the tail. You will be above only, and you will not be beneath, if you listen to the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you today, to observe and to do,

14and shall not turn away from any of the words which I command you today, to the right hand or to the left, to go after other gods to serve them.

15But it shall come to pass, if you will not listen to the LORD your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command you today, that all these curses will come on you and overtake you.

16You will be cursed in the city, and you will be cursed in the field.

17Your basket and your kneading trough will be cursed.

18The fruit of your body, the fruit of your ground, the increase of your livestock, and the young of your flock will be cursed.

19You will be cursed when you come in, and you will be cursed when you go out.

20The LORD will send on you cursing, confusion, and rebuke in all that you put your hand to do, until you are destroyed and until you perish quickly, because of the evil of your doings, by which you have forsaken me.

21The LORD will make the pestilence cling to you, until he has consumed you from off the land where you go in to possess it.

22The LORD will strike you with consumption, with fever, with inflammation, with fiery heat, with the sword, with blight, and with mildew. They will pursue you until you perish.

23Your sky that is over your head will be bronze, and the earth that is under you will be iron.

24The LORD will make the rain of your land powder and dust. It will come down on you from the sky, until you are destroyed.

25The LORD will cause you to be struck before your enemies. You will go out one way against them, and will flee seven ways before them. You will be tossed back and forth among all the kingdoms of the earth.

26Your dead bodies will be food to all birds of the sky, and to the animals of the earth; and there will be no one to frighten them away.

27The LORD will strike you with the boils of Egypt, with the tumors, with the scurvy, and with the itch, of which you can not be healed.

28The LORD will strike you with madness, with blindness, and with astonishment of heart.

29You will grope at noonday, as the blind gropes in darkness, and you shall not prosper in your ways. You will only be oppressed and robbed always, and there will be no one to save you.

30You will betroth a wife, and another man shall lie with her. You will build a house, and you won’t dwell in it. You will plant a vineyard, and not use its fruit.

31Your ox will be slain before your eyes, and you will not eat any of it. Your donkey will be violently taken away from before your face, and will not be restored to you. Your sheep will be given to your enemies, and you will have no one to save you.

32Your sons and your daughters will be given to another people. Your eyes will look and fail with longing for them all day long. There will be no power in your hand.

33A nation which you don’t know will eat the fruit of your ground and all of your work. You will only be oppressed and crushed always,

34so that the sights that you see with your eyes will drive you mad.

35The LORD will strike you in the knees and in the legs with a sore boil, of which you cannot be healed, from the sole of your foot to the crown of your head.

36The LORD will bring you, and your king whom you will set over yourselves, to a nation that you have not known, you nor your fathers. There you will serve other gods of wood and stone.

37You will become an astonishment, a proverb, and a byword among all the peoples where the LORD will lead you away.

38You will carry much seed out into the field, and will gather little in, for the locust will consume it.

39You will plant vineyards and dress them, but you will neither drink of the wine, nor harvest, because worms will eat them.

40You will have olive trees throughout all your borders, but you won’t anoint yourself with the oil, for your olives will drop off.

41You will father sons and daughters, but they will not be yours, for they will go into captivity.

42Locusts will consume all of your trees and the fruit of your ground.

43The foreigner who is among you will mount up above you higher and higher, and you will come down lower and lower.

44He will lend to you, and you won’t lend to him. He will be the head, and you will be the tail.

45All these curses will come on you, and will pursue you and overtake you, until you are destroyed, because you didn’t listen to the LORD your God’s voice, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he commanded you.

46They will be for a sign and for a wonder to you and to your offspring forever.

47Because you didn’t serve the LORD your God with joyfulness and with gladness of heart, by reason of the abundance of all things;

48therefore you will serve your enemies whom the LORD sends against you, in hunger, in thirst, in nakedness, and in lack of all things. He will put an iron yoke on your neck until he has destroyed you.

49The LORD will bring a nation against you from far away, from the end of the earth, as the eagle flies: a nation whose language you will not understand,

50a nation of fierce facial expressions, that doesn’t respect the elderly, nor show favor to the young.

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

Deuteronomy 28:1

It shall happen, if you shall listen diligently to the LORD your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments which I command you today, that the LORD your God will set you high above all the nations of the earth.

This verse establishes the conditional nature of the blessings based on Israel's obedience.

Deuteronomy 28:13

The LORD will make you the head, and not the tail. You will be above only, and you will not be beneath, if you listen to the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you today, to observe and to do,

This identifies the position of leadership and prosperity promised to Israel through faithfulness.

Deuteronomy 28:15

But it shall come to pass, if you will not listen to the LORD your God’s voice, to observe to do all his commandments and his statutes which I command you today, that all these curses will come on you and overtake you.

This marks the transition to the extensive list of warnings regarding the penalty for forsaking the covenant.

Chapter Summary

Deuteronomy Chapter 28 is a foundational text describing the terms of the covenant between God and Israel. It begins with a list of blessings promised to the people if they diligently obey God's commandments. These blessings cover every aspect of life, including agriculture, family, health, and national security, promising that Israel will be set high above other nations. However, the majority of the chapter is dedicated to the consequences of disobedience. Moses warns that if the people turn away to serve other gods or ignore the law, they will face devastating curses. These include physical diseases, agricultural failure, social collapse, and eventual defeat by foreign enemies. The chapter concludes with a vivid description of national exile and the loss of peace, security, and identity, serving as a solemn warning to the people to remain faithful to the covenant relationship established at Mount Sinai.

Frequently Asked Questions

The blessings include success in both the city and the field, fertility of family and livestock, abundant harvests, and victory over enemies. God promises to make Israel the 'head and not the tail' if they remain obedient.

The blessings are contingent upon the people listening diligently to God's voice and observing all His commandments. Faithfulness to the covenant is presented as the central requirement for these promises.

The curses include sickness, crop failure, defeat in war, and social distress. The text also warns of a future where the people would be scattered among all nations and experience constant fear, anxiety, and a loss of their homeland.

Study Note

The structure of this chapter mirrors ancient Near Eastern suzerainty treaties, which typically included a formal section of blessings for compliance and curses for violations.

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