1 Kings Chapter 16 — The Rise of Omri and Ahab

This chapter chronicles a turbulent period in Israel's monarchy, featuring multiple assassinations, a brief civil war, and the eventual establishment of Samaria as the capital under King Omri.

Political InstabilityDivine JudgmentIdolatryProphetic Fulfillment

1The LORD’s word came to Jehu the son of Hanani against Baasha, saying,

2“Because I exalted you out of the dust and made you prince over my people Israel, and you have walked in the way of Jeroboam and have made my people Israel to sin, to provoke me to anger with their sins,

3behold, I will utterly sweep away Baasha and his house; and I will make your house like the house of Jeroboam the son of Nebat.

4The dogs will eat Baasha’s descendants who die in the city; and he who dies of his in the field, the birds of the sky will eat.”

5Now the rest of the acts of Baasha, and what he did, and his might, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

6Baasha slept with his fathers, and was buried in Tirzah; and Elah his son reigned in his place.

7Moreover the LORD’s word came by the prophet Jehu the son of Hanani against Baasha and against his house, both because of all the evil that he did in the LORD’s sight, to provoke him to anger with the work of his hands, in being like the house of Jeroboam, and because he struck him.

8In the twenty-sixth year of Asa king of Judah, Elah the son of Baasha began to reign over Israel in Tirzah for two years.

9His servant Zimri, captain of half his chariots, conspired against him. Now he was in Tirzah, drinking himself drunk in the house of Arza, who was over the household in Tirzah;

10and Zimri went in and struck him and killed him in the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, and reigned in his place.

11When he began to reign, as soon as he sat on his throne, he attacked all the house of Baasha. He didn’t leave him a single one who urinates on a wall*or, male among his relatives or his friends.

12Thus Zimri destroyed all the house of Baasha, according to the LORD’s word which he spoke against Baasha by Jehu the prophet,

13for all the sins of Baasha, and the sins of Elah his son, which they sinned and with which they made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, to anger with their vanities.

14Now the rest of the acts of Elah, and all that he did, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

15In the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zimri reigned seven days in Tirzah. Now the people were encamped against Gibbethon, which belonged to the Philistines.

16The people who were encamped heard that Zimri had conspired, and had also killed the king. Therefore all Israel made Omri, the captain of the army, king over Israel that day in the camp.

17Omri went up from Gibbethon, and all Israel with him, and they besieged Tirzah.

18When Zimri saw that the city was taken, he went into the fortified part of the king’s house and burned the king’s house over him with fire, and died,

19for his sins which he sinned in doing that which was evil in the LORD’s sight, in walking in the way of Jeroboam, and in his sin which he did to make Israel to sin.

20Now the rest of the acts of Zimri, and his treason that he committed, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

21Then the people of Israel were divided into two parts: half of the people followed Tibni the son of Ginath, to make him king, and half followed Omri.

22But the people who followed Omri prevailed against the people who followed Tibni the son of Ginath; so Tibni died, and Omri reigned.

23In the thirty-first year of Asa king of Judah, Omri began to reign over Israel for twelve years. He reigned six years in Tirzah.

24He bought the hill Samaria of Shemer for two talents†A talent is about 30 kilograms or 66 pounds. of silver; and he built on the hill, and called the name of the city which he built, Samaria, after the name of Shemer, the owner of the hill.

25Omri did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight, and dealt wickedly above all who were before him.

26For he walked in all the way of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, and in his sins with which he made Israel to sin, to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, to anger with their vanities.

27Now the rest of the acts of Omri which he did, and his might that he showed, aren’t they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Israel?

28So Omri slept with his fathers, and was buried in Samaria; and Ahab his son reigned in his place.

29In the thirty-eighth year of Asa king of Judah, Ahab the son of Omri began to reign over Israel. Ahab the son of Omri reigned over Israel in Samaria twenty-two years.

30Ahab the son of Omri did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight above all that were before him.

31As if it had been a light thing for him to walk in the sins of Jeroboam the son of Nebat, he took as wife Jezebel the daughter of Ethbaal king of the Sidonians, and went and served Baal and worshiped him.

32He raised up an altar for Baal in the house of Baal, which he had built in Samaria.

33Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did more yet to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, to anger than all the kings of Israel who were before him.

34In his days Hiel the Bethelite built Jericho. He laid its foundation with the loss of Abiram his firstborn, and set up its gates with the loss of his youngest son Segub, according to the LORD’s word, which he spoke by Joshua the son of Nun.

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

1 Kings 16:30

Ahab the son of Omri did that which was evil in the LORD’s sight above all that were before him.

This verse marks the beginning of the reign of Ahab, who is presented as the most wicked king in Israel's history up to that point.

1 Kings 16:34

In his days Hiel the Bethelite built Jericho. He laid its foundation with the loss of Abiram his firstborn, and set up its gates with the loss of his youngest son Segub, according to the LORD’s word, which he spoke by Joshua the son of Nun.

It demonstrates the historical fulfillment of the curse Joshua placed on Jericho hundreds of years earlier.

Chapter Summary

1 Kings 16 records the swift and violent transition of power in the Northern Kingdom of Israel. It begins with Jehu the prophet pronouncing judgment on King Baasha for his sins. Following Baasha's death, his son Elah is assassinated by his servant Zimri, who reigns for only seven days before being ousted by the army commander Omri. A period of civil war between Omri and Tibni ensues, ending with Omri's victory. Omri establishes a new capital at Samaria but continues the spiritual decline of the nation. The chapter concludes with the reign of his son Ahab, who surpasses his predecessors in wickedness by marrying Jezebel and institutionalizing the worship of Baal. Additionally, the chapter notes the rebuilding of Jericho by Hiel the Bethelite, which fulfills a curse spoken centuries earlier by Joshua.

Frequently Asked Questions

Zimri was a captain of chariots who conspired against King Elah of Israel. He assassinated the king and reigned for only seven days before Omri besieged the city, leading Zimri to set the palace on fire around himself and die.

King Omri bought a hill from a man named Shemer for two talents of silver and built a city on it called Samaria. This city became the capital of the Northern Kingdom of Israel for the remainder of its history.

Ahab is described as more evil because he did not merely continue the sins of Jeroboam but actively promoted Baal worship. He married Jezebel, built a temple for Baal in Samaria, and set up an Asherah pole.

Study Note

The mention of Hiel rebuilding Jericho in verse 34 serves as a literary signifier that God's word remains active and certain even during times of extreme national apostasy.

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