1 Chronicles Chapter 12 — David's Mighty Men

This chapter lists the various groups of warriors and leaders from the tribes of Israel who joined David at Ziklag and Hebron to crown him as king.

UnityLeadershipLoyaltyMilitary Strength

1Now these are those who came to David to Ziklag while he was a fugitive from Saul the son of Kish. They were among the mighty men, his helpers in war.

2They were armed with bows, and could use both the right hand and the left in slinging stones and in shooting arrows from the bow. They were of Saul’s relatives of the tribe of Benjamin.

3The chief was Ahiezer, then Joash, the sons of Shemaah the Gibeathite; Jeziel and Pelet, the sons of Azmaveth; Beracah; Jehu the Anathothite;

4Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty and a leader of the thirty; Jeremiah; Jahaziel; Johanan; Jozabad the Gederathite;

5Eluzai; Jerimoth; Bealiah; Shemariah; Shephatiah the Haruphite;

6Elkanah, Isshiah, Azarel, Joezer, and Jashobeam, the Korahites;

7and Joelah and Zebadiah, the sons of Jeroham of Gedor.

8Some Gadites joined David in the stronghold in the wilderness, mighty men of valor, men trained for war, who could handle shield and spear; whose faces were like the faces of lions, and they were as swift as the gazelles on the mountains:

9Ezer the chief, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third,

10Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,

11Attai the sixth, Eliel the seventh,

12Johanan the eighth, Elzabad the ninth,

13Jeremiah the tenth, and Machbannai the eleventh.

14These of the sons of Gad were captains of the army. He who was least was equal to one hundred, and the greatest to one thousand.

15These are those who went over the Jordan in the first month, when it had overflowed all its banks; and they put to flight all who lived in the valleys, both toward the east and toward the west.

16Some of the children of Benjamin and Judah came to the stronghold to David.

17David went out to meet them, and answered them, “If you have come peaceably to me to help me, my heart will be united with you; but if you have come to betray me to my adversaries, since there is no wrong in my hands, may the God of our fathers see this and rebuke it.”

18Then the Spirit came on Amasai, who was chief of the thirty, and he said, “We are yours, David, and on your side, you son of Jesse. Peace, peace be to you, and peace be to your helpers; for your God helps you.” Then David received them and made them captains of the band.

19Some of Manasseh also joined David when he came with the Philistines against Saul to battle, but they didn’t help them, for the lords of the Philistines sent him away after consultation, saying, “He will desert to his master Saul to the jeopardy of our heads.”

20As he went to Ziklag, some from Manasseh joined him: Adnah, Jozabad, Jediael, Michael, Jozabad, Elihu, and Zillethai, captains of thousands who were of Manasseh.

21They helped David against the band of raiders, for they were all mighty men of valor and were captains in the army.

22For from day to day men came to David to help him, until there was a great army, like God’s army.

23These are the numbers of the heads of those who were armed for war, who came to David to Hebron to turn the kingdom of Saul to him, according to the LORD’s word.

24The children of Judah who bore shield and spear were six thousand eight hundred, armed for war.

25Of the children of Simeon, mighty men of valor for the war: seven thousand one hundred.

26Of the children of Levi: four thousand six hundred.

27Jehoiada was the leader of the household of Aaron; and with him were three thousand seven hundred,

28and Zadok, a young man mighty of valor, and of his father’s house twenty-two captains.

29Of the children of Benjamin, Saul’s relatives: three thousand, for until then, the greatest part of them had kept their allegiance to Saul’s house.

30Of the children of Ephraim: twenty thousand eight hundred, mighty men of valor, famous men in their fathers’ houses.

31Of the half-tribe of Manasseh: eighteen thousand, who were mentioned by name, to come and make David king.

32Of the children of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, their heads were two hundred; and all their brothers were at their command.

33Of Zebulun, such as were able to go out in the army, who could set the battle in array with all kinds of instruments of war: fifty thousand who could command and were not of double heart.

34Of Naphtali: one thousand captains, and with them with shield and spear thirty-seven thousand.

35Of the Danites who could set the battle in array: twenty-eight thousand six hundred.

36Of Asher, such as were able to go out in the army, who could set the battle in array: forty thousand.

37On the other side of the Jordan, of the Reubenites, the Gadites, and of the half-tribe of Manasseh, with all kinds of instruments of war for the battle: one hundred twenty thousand.

38All these were men of war who could order the battle array, and came with a perfect heart to Hebron to make David king over all Israel; and all the rest also of Israel were of one heart to make David king.

39They were there with David three days, eating and drinking; for their brothers had supplied provisions for them.

40Moreover those who were near to them, as far as Issachar, Zebulun, and Naphtali, brought bread on donkeys, on camels, on mules, and on oxen: supplies of flour, cakes of figs, clusters of raisins, wine, oil, cattle, and sheep in abundance; for there was joy in Israel.

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

1 Chronicles 12:22

For from day to day men came to David to help him, until there was a great army, like God’s army.

This verse illustrates the divine favor and rapid growth of David's forces as he transitioned to the throne.

1 Chronicles 12:32

Of the children of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do...

This verse highlights the importance of wisdom and discernment alongside physical strength in leadership.

1 Chronicles 12:38

All these were men of war... came with a perfect heart to Hebron to make David king over all Israel...

It emphasizes the total unity and sincere motivation of the tribes in establishing David's reign.

Chapter Summary

1 Chronicles 12 details the consolidation of David's military support while he was a fugitive from Saul and during his transition to the kingship at Hebron. It begins by naming the ambidextrous archers from Benjamin and the fierce Gadites who joined him at Ziklag. The text describes a pivotal moment when David tests the loyalty of men from Benjamin and Judah, followed by a Spirit-led declaration of allegiance from Amasai. As David's influence grows, warriors from Manasseh and other tribes join his ranks. The chapter concludes with a massive census of the armed forces from all twelve tribes who traveled to Hebron with a 'perfect heart' to make David king over all Israel. This gathering is marked by a three-day celebration with abundant provisions, signifying national unity and joy.

Frequently Asked Questions

The men of Issachar were noted for having 'understanding of the times' to know what Israel should do. They provided strategic wisdom to David’s cause, and their 200 leaders commanded the loyalty of their entire tribe.

Despite being Saul’s relatives, many from Benjamin joined David because they recognized God’s help was with him. Some were skilled, ambidextrous warriors who could use both hands for slinging stones and shooting arrows.

At Hebron, representatives from all the tribes of Israel brought massive numbers of armed men to crown David king. They celebrated for three days with a great feast, signifying a period of national joy and unified purpose.

Study Note

The mention of 'ambidextrous' warriors in verse 2 highlights specialized military training found within the tribe of Benjamin, a trait also noted in the book of Judges.

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