Revelation Chapter 21 — The New Heaven and Earth
John describes the vision of a new heaven and earth where God dwells directly with humanity in the holy city of New Jerusalem.
1I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth have passed away, and the sea is no more.
2I saw the holy city, New Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared like a bride adorned for her husband.
3I heard a loud voice out of heaven saying, “Behold, God’s dwelling is with people; and he will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God.
4He will wipe away every tear from their eyes. Death will be no more; neither will there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain any more. The first things have passed away.”
5He who sits on the throne said, “Behold, I am making all things new.” He said, “Write, for these words of God are faithful and true.”
6He said to me, “I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. I will give freely to him who is thirsty from the spring of the water of life.
7He who overcomes, I will give him these things. I will be his God, and he will be my son.
8But for the cowardly, unbelieving, sinners,*TR and NU omit “sinners” abominable, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers,†The word for “sorcerers” here also includes users of potions and drugs. idolaters, and all liars, their part is in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”
9One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls which were loaded with the seven last plagues came, and he spoke with me, saying, “Come here. I will show you the bride, the Lamb’s wife.”
10He carried me away in the Spirit to a great and high mountain, and showed me the holy city, Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,
11having the glory of God. Her light was like a most precious stone, like a jasper stone, clear as crystal;
12having a great and high wall with twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and names written on them, which are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of Israel.
13On the east were three gates, and on the north three gates, and on the south three gates, and on the west three gates.
14The wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them twelve names of the twelve Apostles of the Lamb.
15He who spoke with me had for a measure a golden reed to measure the city, its gates, and its walls.
16The city is square. Its length is as great as its width. He measured the city with the reed: twelve thousand twelve stadia.‡12,012 stadia = 2,221 kilometers or 1,380 miles. TR reads 12,000 stadia instead of 12,012 stadia. Its length, width, and height are equal.
17Its wall is one hundred forty-four cubits,§144 cubits is about 65.8 meters or 216 feet by the measure of a man, that is, of an angel.
18The construction of its wall was jasper. The city was pure gold, like pure glass.
19The foundations of the city’s wall were adorned with all kinds of precious stones. The first foundation was jasper, the second sapphire,*or, lapis lazuli the third chalcedony, the fourth emerald,
20the fifth sardonyx, the sixth sardius, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl, the ninth topaz, the tenth chrysoprase, the eleventh jacinth, and the twelfth amethyst.
21The twelve gates were twelve pearls. Each one of the gates was made of one pearl. The street of the city was pure gold, like transparent glass.
22I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb are its temple.
23The city has no need for the sun or moon to shine, for the very glory of God illuminated it and its lamp is the Lamb.
24The nations will walk in its light. The kings of the earth bring the glory and honor of the nations into it.
25Its gates will in no way be shut by day (for there will be no night there),
26and they shall bring the glory and the honor of the nations into it so that they may enter.
27There will in no way enter into it anything profane, or one who causes an abomination or a lie, but only those who are written in the Lamb’s book of life.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Revelation 21:1
“I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth have passed away, and the sea is no more.”
This verse marks the definitive transition from the current world to the eternal state of the new creation.
Revelation 21:4
“He will wipe away every tear from their eyes. Death will be no more; neither will there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain any more.”
This is one of the most cited verses in the Bible regarding the final comfort and restoration of humanity.
Revelation 21:22
“I saw no temple in it, for the Lord God the Almighty and the Lamb are its temple.”
It signifies the complete and unhindered access between God and His people, making a separate holy building unnecessary.
Chapter Summary
In Revelation 21, John witnesses the passing away of the first heaven and earth, replaced by a new creation where the sea exists no more. He sees the holy city, New Jerusalem, descending from God, prepared as a bride. A voice from the throne announces that God will now dwell directly with humanity, wiping away every tear and ending death, mourning, and pain. The One on the throne declares He is making all things new and identifies Himself as the Alpha and the Omega. An angel shows John the city's details, including its high walls made of jasper, its twelve gates of pearl, and its streets of pure gold. The city requires no sun or moon because the glory of God and the Lamb provide its light. There is no temple within the city because the Lord God and the Lamb are its temple. The nations walk in its light, and only those written in the Lamb’s book of life may enter.
Frequently Asked Questions
The New Jerusalem is described as a holy city coming down from heaven, characterized by its beauty, immense size, and walls made of precious stones. It is presented as the place where God’s people will live in His direct presence.
According to verse 4, death, mourning, crying, and pain will no longer exist in the new creation. God promises to wipe away every tear, signaling the end of the suffering associated with the first earth.
The text states that there is no temple because the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple themselves. This implies that the entire city is a sacred space where the presence of God is constant and accessible to everyone.
The chapter specifies that nothing profane or anyone who practices abominations or lies can enter. Entrance is reserved specifically for those whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life.
Study Note
The measurements of the city as a perfect cube mirror the dimensions of the Holy of Holies in the ancient Israelite Tabernacle and Temple.
Related Chapters
Genesis Chapter 1
This chapter describes the original creation, which is mirrored and fulfilled by the new creation in Revelation 21.
Isaiah Chapter 65
Isaiah prophesied the coming of a new heaven and a new earth centuries before John's vision.
Ezekiel Chapter 48
Ezekiel provides a vision of a restored holy city that shares many architectural and symbolic features with the New Jerusalem.
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