Psalms Chapter 78 — God’s Faithfulness and Israel’s History
Asaph recounts Israel's history from the Exodus to the reign of David, emphasizing God's constant provision and the people's frequent rebellion.
1Hear my teaching, my people.
2I will open my mouth in a parable.
3which we have heard and known,
4We will not hide them from their children,
5For he established a covenant in Jacob,
6that the generation to come might know, even the children who should be born;
7that they might set their hope in God,
8and might not be as their fathers—
9The children of Ephraim, being armed and carrying bows,
10They didn’t keep God’s covenant,
11They forgot his doings,
12He did marvelous things in the sight of their fathers,
13He split the sea, and caused them to pass through.
14In the daytime he also led them with a cloud,
15He split rocks in the wilderness,
16He brought streams also out of the rock,
17Yet they still went on to sin against him,
18They tempted God in their heart
19Yes, they spoke against God.
20Behold, he struck the rock, so that waters gushed out,
21Therefore the LORD heard, and was angry.
22because they didn’t believe in God,
23Yet he commanded the skies above,
24He rained down manna on them to eat,
25Man ate the bread of angels.
26He caused the east wind to blow in the sky.
27He also rained meat on them as the dust,
28He let them fall in the middle of their camp,
29So they ate, and were well filled.
30They didn’t turn from their cravings.
31when the anger of God went up against them,
32For all this they still sinned,
33Therefore he consumed their days in vanity,
34When he killed them, then they inquired after him.
35They remembered that God was their rock,
36But they flattered him with their mouth,
37For their heart was not right with him,
38But he, being merciful, forgave iniquity, and didn’t destroy them.
39He remembered that they were but flesh,
40How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness,
41They turned again and tempted God,
42They didn’t remember his hand,
43how he set his signs in Egypt,
44he turned their rivers into blood,
45He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them;
46He also gave their increase to the caterpillar,
47He destroyed their vines with hail,
48He also gave over their livestock to the hail,
49He threw on them the fierceness of his anger,
50He made a path for his anger.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Psalms 78:7
“that they might set their hope in God, and not forget the works of God, but keep his commandments.”
This verse states the primary purpose of the psalm: to encourage faithfulness through remembering God's past actions.
Psalms 78:25
“Man ate the bread of angels. He sent them food to the full.”
This verse describes the supernatural provision of manna during the wilderness wanderings.
Psalms 78:72
“So he was their shepherd according to the integrity of his heart, and guided them by the skillfulness of his hands.”
This concluding verse highlights the qualities of leadership God established through King David.
Chapter Summary
Psalm 78 is a historical maskil, or teaching psalm, designed to ensure that the wonders of God are passed down to future generations. It provides a detailed account of the Exodus, describing how God split the Red Sea, guided the Israelites with a cloud by day and fire by night, and provided water from rocks in the wilderness. Despite these miracles, the text notes that the people repeatedly rebelled, doubted God's power, and failed to keep His covenant. The psalm recounts the various plagues sent upon Egypt, the provision of manna and meat in the desert, and the eventually settled land where the people again turned to idolatry. This led to God's rejection of the sanctuary at Shiloh and the tribe of Ephraim. The narrative concludes with God choosing the tribe of Judah and selecting David, a shepherd, to lead Israel with integrity of heart and skillful hands.
Frequently Asked Questions
The psalm is intended as a teaching tool for the people of Israel. It recounts history so that children and future generations will learn from the mistakes of their ancestors and keep their hope in God.
The chapter mentions the plagues of Egypt, the parting of the Red Sea, the provision of manna and water in the wilderness, the rejection of the tabernacle at Shiloh, and the choosing of King David.
The term refers to the manna that God provided for the Israelites in the desert. It suggests that the food was of divine origin, coming down from heaven to sustain the people.
The shepherd is David, whom God took from following the ewes to become the leader of Israel. The text emphasizes his integrity and skill in guiding the nation.
Study Note
Psalm 78 is the second-longest psalm in the Bible and serves as a poetic retelling of the history found in the Pentateuch and the Book of Judges.
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