Nehemiah Chapter 10 — Sealing the Covenant
Nehemiah, the leaders, and the people sign a formal covenant to obey God's law and provide for the needs of the temple and its ministers.
1Now those who sealed were: Nehemiah the governor, the son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah,
2Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah,
3Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah,
4Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch,
5Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,
6Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch,
7Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,
8Maaziah, Bilgai, and Shemaiah. These were the priests.
9The Levites: Jeshua the son of Azaniah, Binnui of the sons of Henadad, Kadmiel;
10and their brothers, Shebaniah, Hodiah, Kelita, Pelaiah, Hanan,
11Mica, Rehob, Hashabiah,
12Zaccur, Sherebiah, Shebaniah,
13Hodiah, Bani, and Beninu.
14The chiefs of the people: Parosh, Pahathmoab, Elam, Zattu, Bani,
15Bunni, Azgad, Bebai,
16Adonijah, Bigvai, Adin,
17Ater, Hezekiah, Azzur,
18Hodiah, Hashum, Bezai,
19Hariph, Anathoth, Nobai,
20Magpiash, Meshullam, Hezir,
21Meshezabel, Zadok, Jaddua,
22Pelatiah, Hanan, Anaiah,
23Hoshea, Hananiah, Hasshub,
24Hallohesh, Pilha, Shobek,
25Rehum, Hashabnah, Maaseiah,
26Ahiah, Hanan, Anan,
27Malluch, Harim, and Baanah.
28The rest of the people, the priests, the Levites, the gatekeepers, the singers, the temple servants, and all those who had separated themselves from the peoples of the lands to the law of God, their wives, their sons, and their daughters—everyone who had knowledge and understanding—
29joined with their brothers, their nobles, and entered into a curse and into an oath, to walk in God’s law, which was given by Moses the servant of God, and to observe and do all the commandments of the LORD our Lord, and his ordinances and his statutes;
30and that we would not give our daughters to the peoples of the land, nor take their daughters for our sons;
31and if the peoples of the land bring wares or any grain on the Sabbath day to sell, that we would not buy from them on the Sabbath, or on a holy day; and that we would forego the seventh year crops and the exaction of every debt.
32Also we made ordinances for ourselves, to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel*A shekel is about 10 grams or about 0.35 ounces. for the service of the house of our God:
33for the show bread, for the continual meal offering, for the continual burnt offering, for the Sabbaths, for the new moons, for the set feasts, for the holy things, for the sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and for all the work of the house of our God.
34We, the priests, the Levites, and the people, cast lots for the wood offering, to bring it into the house of our God, according to our fathers’ houses, at times appointed year by year, to burn on the LORD our God’s altar, as it is written in the law;
35and to bring the first fruits of our ground and the first fruits of all fruit of all kinds of trees, year by year, to the LORD’s house;
36also the firstborn of our sons and of our livestock, as it is written in the law, and the firstborn of our herds and of our flocks, to bring to the house of our God, to the priests who minister in the house of our God;
37and that we should bring the first fruits of our dough, our wave offerings, the fruit of all kinds of trees, and the new wine and the oil, to the priests, to the rooms of the house of our God; and the tithes of our ground to the Levites; for they, the Levites, take the tithes in all our farming villages.
38The priest, the descendent of Aaron, shall be with the Levites when the Levites take tithes. The Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithes to the house of our God, to the rooms, into the treasure house.
39For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the wave offering of the grain, of the new wine, and of the oil, to the rooms where the vessels of the sanctuary are, and the priests who minister, with the gatekeepers and the singers. We will not forsake the house of our God.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Nehemiah 10:29
“joined with their brothers, their nobles, and entered into a curse and into an oath, to walk in God’s law, which was given by Moses the servant of God, and to observe and do all the commandments of the LORD our Lord, and his ordinances and his statutes;”
This verse highlights the collective commitment of the community to return to a lifestyle of obedience to the Mosaic law.
Nehemiah 10:39
“For the children of Israel and the children of Levi shall bring the wave offering of the grain, of the new wine, and of the oil, to the rooms where the vessels of the sanctuary are, and the priests who minister, with the gatekeepers and the singers. We will not forsake the house of our God.”
This concluding statement emphasizes the people's renewed priority on maintaining the physical and spiritual center of their community.
Chapter Summary
Nehemiah Chapter 10 records the formalization of Israel's commitment to return to God's statutes. Following a time of communal confession, the community leaders—including Nehemiah the governor, the priests, and the Levites—sign a written covenant. The rest of the population joins in this oath, swearing to walk in the law given through Moses. This commitment includes specific resolutions: refusing intermarriage with local groups, strictly observing the Sabbath and holy days, and honoring the sabbatical year for land rest and debt cancellation. A significant portion of the chapter is dedicated to the ordinances the people established to support the temple. They pledge an annual tax for temple operations, cast lots for wood offerings to keep the altar burning, and commit to bringing the first fruits of their harvests and livestock to the priests. By establishing these tithes and offerings, the people conclude with the resolute promise that they will not neglect the house of their God.
Frequently Asked Questions
The covenant was signed by Nehemiah the governor, followed by twenty-one priests, seventeen Levites, and forty-four chiefs of the people. The rest of the community, including their families, joined in the oath even if they did not physically sign the document.
The Israelites promised that if neighboring peoples brought goods or grain to sell on the Sabbath or any holy day, they would not purchase them. They also agreed to forego crops and cancel debts during the seventh year.
The people instituted a yearly tax of one-third of a shekel for the service of the house of God. They also organized wood offerings and pledged to bring the first fruits of their ground, fruit, dough, and livestock to the priests.
Study Note
The transition from public reading of the law to a signed, written agreement indicates a high level of administrative and religious organization in post-exilic Israel.
Related Chapters
Nehemiah 9
This chapter provides the historical and spiritual context for the confession that led to the covenant in chapter 10.
Exodus 20
Contains the original Sabbath commandment which the people specifically renew their commitment to in Nehemiah 10.
Malachi 3
Addresses the importance of bringing tithes and offerings into the storehouse, mirroring the commitments made here.
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