Joshua Chapter 21 — Cities for the Levites

The Levites receive forty-eight cities from the other tribes as commanded by the Lord, and Israel finally experiences rest in the promised land.

Divine FaithfulnessProvisions for MinistryRest and PeaceLegacy and Inheritance

1Then the heads of fathers’ houses of the Levites came near to Eleazar the priest, and to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the heads of fathers’ houses of the tribes of the children of Israel.

2They spoke to them at Shiloh in the land of Canaan, saying, “The LORD commanded through Moses to give us cities to dwell in, with their pasture lands for our livestock.”

3The children of Israel gave to the Levites out of their inheritance, according to the commandment of the LORD, these cities with their pasture lands.

4The lot came out for the families of the Kohathites. The children of Aaron the priest, who were of the Levites, had thirteen cities by lot out of the tribe of Judah, out of the tribe of the Simeonites, and out of the tribe of Benjamin.

5The rest of the children of Kohath had ten cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Ephraim, out of the tribe of Dan, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh.

6The children of Gershon had thirteen cities by lot out of the families of the tribe of Issachar, out of the tribe of Asher, out of the tribe of Naphtali, and out of the half-tribe of Manasseh in Bashan.

7The children of Merari according to their families had twelve cities out of the tribe of Reuben, out of the tribe of Gad, and out of the tribe of Zebulun.

8The children of Israel gave these cities with their pasture lands by lot to the Levites, as the LORD commanded by Moses.

9They gave out of the tribe of the children of Judah, and out of the tribe of the children of Simeon, these cities which are mentioned by name:

10and they were for the children of Aaron, of the families of the Kohathites, who were of the children of Levi; for theirs was the first lot.

11They gave them Kiriath Arba, named after the father of Anak (also called Hebron), in the hill country of Judah, with its pasture lands around it.

12But they gave the fields of the city and its villages to Caleb the son of Jephunneh for his possession.

13To the children of Aaron the priest they gave Hebron with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Libnah with its pasture lands,

14Jattir with its pasture lands, Eshtemoa with its pasture lands,

15Holon with its pasture lands, Debir with its pasture lands,

16Ain with its pasture lands, Juttah with its pasture lands, and Beth Shemesh with its pasture lands: nine cities out of those two tribes.

17Out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with its pasture lands, Geba with its pasture lands,

18Anathoth with its pasture lands, and Almon with its pasture lands: four cities.

19All the cities of the children of Aaron, the priests, were thirteen cities with their pasture lands.

20The families of the children of Kohath, the Levites, even the rest of the children of Kohath, had the cities of their lot out of the tribe of Ephraim.

21They gave them Shechem with its pasture lands in the hill country of Ephraim, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Gezer with its pasture lands,

22Kibzaim with its pasture lands, and Beth Horon with its pasture lands: four cities.

23Out of the tribe of Dan, Elteke with its pasture lands, Gibbethon with its pasture lands,

24Aijalon with its pasture lands, Gath Rimmon with its pasture lands: four cities.

25Out of the half-tribe of Manasseh, Taanach with its pasture lands, and Gath Rimmon with its pasture lands: two cities.

26All the cities of the families of the rest of the children of Kohath were ten with their pasture lands.

27They gave to the children of Gershon, of the families of the Levites, out of the half-tribe of Manasseh Golan in Bashan with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Be Eshterah with its pasture lands: two cities.

28Out of the tribe of Issachar, Kishion with its pasture lands, Daberath with its pasture lands,

29Jarmuth with its pasture lands, En Gannim with its pasture lands: four cities.

30Out of the tribe of Asher, Mishal with its pasture lands, Abdon with its pasture lands,

31Helkath with its pasture lands, and Rehob with its pasture lands: four cities.

32Out of the tribe of Naphtali, Kedesh in Galilee with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, Hammothdor with its pasture lands, and Kartan with its pasture lands: three cities.

33All the cities of the Gershonites according to their families were thirteen cities with their pasture lands.

34To the families of the children of Merari, the rest of the Levites, out of the tribe of Zebulun, Jokneam with its pasture lands, Kartah with its pasture lands,

35Dimnah with its pasture lands, and Nahalal with its pasture lands: four cities.

36Out of the tribe of Reuben, Bezer with its pasture lands, Jahaz with its pasture lands,

37Kedemoth with its pasture lands, and Mephaath with its pasture lands: four cities.

38Out of the tribe of Gad, Ramoth in Gilead with its pasture lands, the city of refuge for the man slayer, and Mahanaim with its pasture lands,

39Heshbon with its pasture lands, Jazer with its pasture lands: four cities in all.

40All these were the cities of the children of Merari according to their families, even the rest of the families of the Levites. Their lot was twelve cities.

41All the cities of the Levites among the possessions of the children of Israel were forty-eight cities with their pasture lands.

42Each of these cities included their pasture lands around them. It was this way with all these cities.

43So the LORD gave to Israel all the land which he swore to give to their fathers. They possessed it, and lived in it.

44The LORD gave them rest all around, according to all that he swore to their fathers. Not a man of all their enemies stood before them. The LORD delivered all their enemies into their hand.

45Nothing failed of any good thing which the LORD had spoken to the house of Israel. All came to pass.

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

Joshua 21:41

All the cities of the Levites among the possessions of the children of Israel were forty-eight cities with their pasture lands.

This verse summarizes the total number of urban centers provided for the tribe of Levi across the entire nation.

Joshua 21:45

Nothing failed of any good thing which the LORD had spoken to the house of Israel. All came to pass.

This is a pivotal theological statement in the book of Joshua, confirming that every divine promise was completely fulfilled.

Chapter Summary

Joshua Chapter 21 recounts the final distribution of land in Canaan, focusing on the cities assigned to the tribe of Levi. Because the Levites were dedicated to the service of the Lord, they did not receive a single large territory. Instead, the heads of the Levite families petitioned Joshua and Eleazar the priest for cities to live in, citing the Lord's command through Moses. By lot, the Israelites gave forty-eight cities with their surrounding pasture lands to the three Levite clans: the Kohathites, the Gershonites, and the Merarites. These cities were taken from the territories of the other tribes, ensuring the Levites were scattered throughout all of Israel. The chapter concludes by affirming that the Lord fulfilled every promise made to the patriarchs. Israel possessed the land, lived in it, and was granted rest from all their enemies, with the text explicitly stating that not one of God's good promises had failed.

Frequently Asked Questions

The Levites were designated for religious service and were not meant to have a single large territory. By living in forty-eight cities scattered throughout the other tribes, they remained accessible to all of Israel for spiritual and legal guidance.

The Levites received a total of forty-eight cities, each including the surrounding pasture lands for their livestock. These were donated by the other tribes of Israel as commanded by the Lord through Moses.

The final verses serve as a conclusion to the conquest and distribution of the land. They emphasize that God fulfilled every promise made to the patriarchs, granting Israel possession of the land and rest from their enemies.

Study Note

The distribution of Levites throughout the land ensured that the teachers of the Law were integrated into every tribe's daily life and geography.

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