Genesis Chapter 43 — The Return to Egypt
Jacob's sons return to Egypt with Benjamin to buy more food during the severe famine. Joseph welcomes them into his home for a feast and is deeply moved by the sight of his youngest brother.
1The famine was severe in the land.
2When they had eaten up the grain which they had brought out of Egypt, their father said to them, “Go again, buy us a little more food.”
3Judah spoke to him, saying, “The man solemnly warned us, saying, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you.’
4If you’ll send our brother with us, we’ll go down and buy you food;
5but if you don’t send him, we won’t go down, for the man said to us, ‘You shall not see my face, unless your brother is with you.’ ”
6Israel said, “Why did you treat me so badly, telling the man that you had another brother?”
7They said, “The man asked directly concerning ourselves, and concerning our relatives, saying, ‘Is your father still alive? Have you another brother?’ We just answered his questions. Is there any way we could know that he would say, ‘Bring your brother down’?”
8Judah said to Israel, his father, “Send the boy with me, and we’ll get up and go, so that we may live, and not die, both we, and you, and also our little ones.
9I’ll be collateral for him. From my hand will you require him. If I don’t bring him to you, and set him before you, then let me bear the blame forever;
10for if we hadn’t delayed, surely we would have returned a second time by now.”
11Their father, Israel, said to them, “If it must be so, then do this: Take from the choice fruits of the land in your bags, and carry down a present for the man, a little balm, a little honey, spices and myrrh, nuts, and almonds;
12and take double money in your hand, and take back the money that was returned in the mouth of your sacks. Perhaps it was an oversight.
13Take your brother also, get up, and return to the man.
14May God Almighty give you mercy before the man, that he may release to you your other brother and Benjamin. If I am bereaved of my children, I am bereaved.”
15The men took that present, and they took double money in their hand, and Benjamin; and got up, went down to Egypt, and stood before Joseph.
16When Joseph saw Benjamin with them, he said to the steward of his house, “Bring the men into the house, and butcher an animal, and prepare; for the men will dine with me at noon.”
17The man did as Joseph commanded, and the man brought the men to Joseph’s house.
18The men were afraid, because they were brought to Joseph’s house; and they said, “Because of the money that was returned in our sacks the first time, we’re brought in; that he may seek occasion against us, attack us, and seize us as slaves, along with our donkeys.”
19They came near to the steward of Joseph’s house, and they spoke to him at the door of the house,
20and said, “Oh, my lord, we indeed came down the first time to buy food.
21When we came to the lodging place, we opened our sacks, and behold, each man’s money was in the mouth of his sack, our money in full weight. We have brought it back in our hand.
22We have brought down other money in our hand to buy food. We don’t know who put our money in our sacks.”
23He said, “Peace be to you. Don’t be afraid. Your God, and the God of your father, has given you treasure in your sacks. I received your money.” He brought Simeon out to them.
24The man brought the men into Joseph’s house, and gave them water, and they washed their feet. He gave their donkeys fodder.
25They prepared the present for Joseph’s coming at noon, for they heard that they should eat bread there.
26When Joseph came home, they brought him the present which was in their hand into the house, and bowed themselves down to the earth before him.
27He asked them of their welfare, and said, “Is your father well, the old man of whom you spoke? Is he yet alive?”
28They said, “Your servant, our father, is well. He is still alive.” They bowed down humbly.
29He lifted up his eyes, and saw Benjamin, his brother, his mother’s son, and said, “Is this your youngest brother, of whom you spoke to me?” He said, “God be gracious to you, my son.”
30Joseph hurried, for his heart yearned over his brother; and he sought a place to weep. He entered into his room, and wept there.
31He washed his face, and came out. He controlled himself, and said, “Serve the meal.”
32They served him by himself, and them by themselves, and the Egyptians who ate with him by themselves, because the Egyptians don’t eat with the Hebrews, for that is an abomination to the Egyptians.
33They sat before him, the firstborn according to his birthright, and the youngest according to his youth, and the men marveled with one another.
34He sent portions to them from before him, but Benjamin’s portion was five times as much as any of theirs. They drank, and were merry with him.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Genesis 43:9
“I’ll be collateral for him. From my hand will you require him. If I don’t bring him to you, and set him before you, then let me bear the blame forever”
Judah demonstrates personal sacrifice and leadership by taking responsibility for Benjamin's safety, marking a change in his character.
Genesis 43:30
“Joseph hurried, for his heart yearned over his brother; and he sought a place to weep. He entered into his room, and wept there.”
This verse highlights Joseph's deep emotional connection to his family and the difficulty of maintaining his disguise.
Chapter Summary
As the famine intensifies, Jacob’s family runs out of grain. Jacob instructs his sons to return to Egypt, but they remind him that the Egyptian governor insisted they bring Benjamin. Judah offers himself as collateral for Benjamin’s safety, eventually persuading Jacob to let him go. The brothers travel to Egypt with gifts and double the money they previously found in their sacks. Upon arrival, Joseph instructs his steward to prepare a feast for them. The brothers, fearful of being enslaved because of the returned money, explain the situation to the steward, who reassures them. When Joseph meets them, he is overcome with emotion at the sight of Benjamin and secretly weeps. He then hosts a banquet where the brothers are seated according to their birthright, and Benjamin is given a portion five times larger than the others.
Frequently Asked Questions
Jacob eventually relented because the famine was severe and the family was out of food. Judah's solemn promise to take personal responsibility for Benjamin's safety helped convince Jacob that the journey was necessary for their survival.
Joseph was deeply moved and his heart yearned for his brother. He had to leave the room to weep in private before composing himself to host a banquet for his brothers.
The brothers feared they were being brought into Joseph's house to be accused of theft because of the money that had mysteriously appeared in their sacks after their first trip. They were afraid they would be seized as slaves along with their donkeys.
Study Note
The Egyptian custom of not eating with Hebrews, mentioned in verse 32, reflects the historical cultural and religious boundaries between the two groups during this era.
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