Genesis Chapter 37 — Joseph’s Dreams and Betrayal
Joseph is favored by his father Jacob and has dreams of his family bowing to him, leading his jealous brothers to sell him into slavery in Egypt.
1Jacob lived in the land of his father’s travels, in the land of Canaan.
2This is the history of the generations of Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years old, was feeding the flock with his brothers. He was a boy with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, his father’s wives. Joseph brought an evil report of them to their father.
3Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age, and he made him a tunic of many colors.
4His brothers saw that their father loved him more than all his brothers, and they hated him, and couldn’t speak peaceably to him.
5Joseph dreamed a dream, and he told it to his brothers, and they hated him all the more.
6He said to them, “Please hear this dream which I have dreamed:
7for behold, we were binding sheaves in the field, and behold, my sheaf arose and also stood upright; and behold, your sheaves came around, and bowed down to my sheaf.”
8His brothers asked him, “Will you indeed reign over us? Will you indeed have dominion over us?” They hated him all the more for his dreams and for his words.
9He dreamed yet another dream, and told it to his brothers, and said, “Behold, I have dreamed yet another dream: and behold, the sun and the moon and eleven stars bowed down to me.”
10He told it to his father and to his brothers. His father rebuked him, and said to him, “What is this dream that you have dreamed? Will I and your mother and your brothers indeed come to bow ourselves down to the earth before you?”
11His brothers envied him, but his father kept this saying in mind.
12His brothers went to feed their father’s flock in Shechem.
13Israel said to Joseph, “Aren’t your brothers feeding the flock in Shechem? Come, and I will send you to them.” He said to him, “Here I am.”
14He said to him, “Go now, see whether it is well with your brothers, and well with the flock; and bring me word again.” So he sent him out of the valley of Hebron, and he came to Shechem.
15A certain man found him, and behold, he was wandering in the field. The man asked him, “What are you looking for?”
16He said, “I am looking for my brothers. Tell me, please, where they are feeding the flock.”
17The man said, “They have left here, for I heard them say, ‘Let’s go to Dothan.’ ”
18They saw him afar off, and before he came near to them, they conspired against him to kill him.
19They said to one another, “Behold, this dreamer comes.
20Come now therefore, and let’s kill him, and cast him into one of the pits, and we will say, ‘An evil animal has devoured him.’ We will see what will become of his dreams.”
21Reuben heard it, and delivered him out of their hand, and said, “Let’s not take his life.”
22Reuben said to them, “Shed no blood. Throw him into this pit that is in the wilderness, but lay no hand on him”—that he might deliver him out of their hand, to restore him to his father.
23When Joseph came to his brothers, they stripped Joseph of his tunic, the tunic of many colors that was on him;
24and they took him, and threw him into the pit. The pit was empty. There was no water in it.
25They sat down to eat bread, and they lifted up their eyes and looked, and saw a caravan of Ishmaelites coming from Gilead, with their camels bearing spices and balm and myrrh, going to carry it down to Egypt.
26Judah said to his brothers, “What profit is it if we kill our brother and conceal his blood?
27Come, and let’s sell him to the Ishmaelites, and not let our hand be on him; for he is our brother, our flesh.” His brothers listened to him.
28Midianites who were merchants passed by, and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver. The merchants brought Joseph into Egypt.
29Reuben returned to the pit, and saw that Joseph wasn’t in the pit; and he tore his clothes.
30He returned to his brothers, and said, “The child is no more; and I, where will I go?”
31They took Joseph’s tunic, and killed a male goat, and dipped the tunic in the blood.
32They took the tunic of many colors, and they brought it to their father, and said, “We have found this. Examine it, now, and see if it is your son’s tunic or not.”
33He recognized it, and said, “It is my son’s tunic. An evil animal has devoured him. Joseph is without doubt torn in pieces.”
34Jacob tore his clothes, and put sackcloth on his waist, and mourned for his son many days.
35All his sons and all his daughters rose up to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted. He said, “For I will go down to Sheol*Sheol is the place of the dead. to my son, mourning.” His father wept for him.
36The Midianites sold him into Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh’s, the captain of the guard.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Genesis 37:3
“Now Israel loved Joseph more than all his children, because he was the son of his old age, and he made him a tunic of many colors.”
This verse establishes the favoritism that serves as the primary catalyst for the conflict throughout the chapter.
Genesis 37:11
“His brothers envied him, but his father kept this saying in mind.”
This highlights the contrast between the brothers' outward jealousy and Jacob's inner reflection on Joseph's prophetic dreams.
Genesis 37:28
“Midianites who were merchants passed by, and they drew and lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and sold Joseph to the Ishmaelites for twenty pieces of silver.”
This is the pivotal moment where Joseph is officially separated from his family and sent into exile in Egypt.
Chapter Summary
Genesis 37 marks the beginning of the Joseph narrative. As the favored son of Jacob, Joseph is given a special multi-colored tunic, which causes his brothers to resent him. This hatred intensifies when Joseph shares two dreams: one involving sheaves of grain and another involving celestial bodies, both symbolizing his family bowing down to him. When Jacob sends Joseph to check on his brothers in Dothan, they plot to kill him. Reuben intervenes to save his life, suggesting they throw him into a dry pit instead. While Reuben is away, Judah suggests selling Joseph to a passing caravan of Ishmaelite merchants. They sell him for twenty pieces of silver, and he is taken to Egypt. To hide their crime, the brothers dip Joseph's tunic in goat's blood and present it to Jacob. Jacob concludes Joseph was devoured by a wild animal and falls into deep mourning. The chapter ends with Joseph being sold to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh.
Frequently Asked Questions
The brothers were jealous because their father Jacob loved Joseph more than them and gave him a special tunic. This resentment grew after Joseph shared dreams that suggested his brothers would one day bow down to him.
In the first dream, Joseph and his brothers were binding sheaves of grain, and his brothers' sheaves bowed to his. In the second, the sun, moon, and eleven stars bowed down to him.
They killed a goat and dipped Joseph’s multi-colored tunic in its blood. They then showed the bloodied garment to Jacob, leading him to believe that a wild animal had killed his son.
Reuben convinced his brothers not to kill Joseph directly but to throw him into a pit, intending to rescue him later. Judah also intervened by suggesting they sell him to traders instead of leaving him to die.
Study Note
The Hebrew term for Joseph's 'tunic of many colors' (kethoneth passim) is rare and may refer to a garment with long sleeves or one that is richly embroidered, denoting high status.
Related Chapters
Genesis 42
Joseph's brothers eventually travel to Egypt and fulfill the dreams mentioned in chapter 37 by bowing before him.
Genesis 50
This chapter provides the conclusion to Joseph's story where he forgives his brothers for their betrayal.
Exodus 1
This chapter explains how the descendants of Jacob grew into a nation while living in Egypt after Joseph's arrival.
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