Genesis Chapter 11 — The Tower of Babel and the Line of Abram

Humanity builds a great tower in Shinar to make a name for themselves, but God confuses their language and scatters them across the world.

Human PrideDivine SovereigntyOrigins of LanguageGenealogy

1The whole earth was of one language and of one speech.

2As they traveled east,*LXX reads “from the east”. they found a plain in the land of Shinar, and they lived there.

3They said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks, and burn them thoroughly.” They had brick for stone, and they used tar for mortar.

4They said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top reaches to the sky, and let’s make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad on the surface of the whole earth.”

5The LORD came down to see the city and the tower, which the children of men built.

6The LORD said, “Behold, they are one people, and they all have one language, and this is what they begin to do. Now nothing will be withheld from them, which they intend to do.

7Come, let’s go down, and there confuse their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.”

8So the LORD scattered them abroad from there on the surface of all the earth. They stopped building the city.

9Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth. From there, the LORD scattered them abroad on the surface of all the earth.

10This is the history of the generations of Shem: Shem was one hundred years old when he became the father of Arpachshad two years after the flood.

11Shem lived five hundred years after he became the father of Arpachshad, and became the father of more sons and daughters.

12Arpachshad lived thirty-five years and became the father of Shelah.

13Arpachshad lived four hundred three years after he became the father of Shelah, and became the father of more sons and daughters.

14Shelah lived thirty years, and became the father of Eber.

15Shelah lived four hundred three years after he became the father of Eber, and became the father of more sons and daughters.

16Eber lived thirty-four years, and became the father of Peleg.

17Eber lived four hundred thirty years after he became the father of Peleg, and became the father of more sons and daughters.

18Peleg lived thirty years, and became the father of Reu.

19Peleg lived two hundred nine years after he became the father of Reu, and became the father of more sons and daughters.

20Reu lived thirty-two years, and became the father of Serug.

21Reu lived two hundred seven years after he became the father of Serug, and became the father of more sons and daughters.

22Serug lived thirty years, and became the father of Nahor.

23Serug lived two hundred years after he became the father of Nahor, and became the father of more sons and daughters.

24Nahor lived twenty-nine years, and became the father of Terah.

25Nahor lived one hundred nineteen years after he became the father of Terah, and became the father of more sons and daughters.

26Terah lived seventy years, and became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

27Now this is the history of the generations of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. Haran became the father of Lot.

28Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldees, while his father Terah was still alive.

29Abram and Nahor married wives. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai, and the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah, the daughter of Haran, who was also the father of Iscah.

30Sarai was barren. She had no child.

31Terah took Abram his son, Lot the son of Haran, his son’s son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram’s wife. They went from Ur of the Chaldees, to go into the land of Canaan. They came to Haran and lived there.

32The days of Terah were two hundred five years. Terah died in Haran.

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

Genesis 11:4

They said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city, and a tower whose top reaches to the sky, and let’s make a name for ourselves, lest we be scattered abroad on the surface of the whole earth.”

This verse reveals the core motivation of the people: a desire for fame and self-preservation through their own efforts.

Genesis 11:9

Therefore its name was called Babel, because there the LORD confused the language of all the earth. From there, the LORD scattered them abroad on the surface of all the earth.

This explains the origin of the name Babel and provides the biblical account for the diversity of human languages.

Chapter Summary

Genesis Chapter 11 begins with a unified humanity speaking a single language. They settle in the land of Shinar and decide to build a city and a tower that reaches the heavens, seeking to make a name for themselves and avoid being scattered. Seeing their pride and unity in this purpose, the LORD descends to confuse their speech so they can no longer understand one another. This intervention stops the construction and results in the city being called Babel, as the people are dispersed across the earth. The chapter then provides a genealogical record of Shem’s descendants, narrowing the focus of the biblical narrative to the line of Terah. It concludes by introducing Terah’s sons—Abram, Nahor, and Haran—and describing the family's initial journey from Ur of the Chaldees toward the land of Canaan, eventually stopping in Haran where Terah passes away.

Frequently Asked Questions

According to the text, the people wanted to build a city and a tower reaching to the sky to make a name for themselves and to prevent being scattered across the earth.

God confused the language of the people so they could not understand each other, which forced them to stop building and caused them to scatter across the globe.

The chapter introduces Abram (later known as Abraham), tracing his lineage from Shem through Terah and setting the stage for his call from God in the following chapter.

The text associates the name Babel with the Hebrew concept of confusion, specifically referring to how the Lord confused the languages of the people there.

Study Note

The transition from the 'Table of Nations' in chapter 10 to the specific genealogy of Shem in chapter 11 serves to narrow the biblical focus from all of humanity to the specific family of Abram.

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