Ezekiel Chapter 46 — Regulations for Worship and Inheritance
Ezekiel 46 outlines the specific rituals for the prince and the people during Sabbaths and festivals, along with laws regarding inheritance and temple kitchens.
1“ ‘The Lord GOD says: “The gate of the inner court that looks toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the Sabbath day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall be opened.
2The prince shall enter by the way of the porch of the gate outside, and shall stand by the post of the gate; and the priests shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, and he shall worship at the threshold of the gate. Then he shall go out, but the gate shall not be shut until the evening.
3The people of the land shall worship at the door of that gate before the LORD on the Sabbaths and on the new moons.
4The burnt offering that the prince shall offer to the LORD shall be on the Sabbath day, six lambs without defect and a ram without defect;
5and the meal offering shall be an ephah for the ram, and the meal offering for the lambs as he is able to give, and a hin*A hin is about 6.5 liters or 1.7 gallons. of oil to an ephah.†1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel
6On the day of the new moon it shall be a young bull without defect, six lambs, and a ram. They shall be without defect.
7He shall prepare a meal offering: an ephah for the bull, and an ephah for the ram, and for the lambs according as he is able, and a hin of oil to an ephah.
8When the prince enters, he shall go in by the way of the porch of the gate, and he shall go out by its way.
9“ ‘ “But when the people of the land come before the LORD in the appointed feasts, he who enters by the way of the north gate to worship shall go out by the way of the south gate; and he who enters by the way of the south gate shall go out by the way of the north gate. He shall not return by the way of the gate by which he came in, but shall go out straight before him.
10The prince shall go in with them when they go in. When they go out, he shall go out.
11“ ‘ “In the feasts and in the appointed holidays, the meal offering shall be an ephah‡1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel for a bull, and an ephah for a ram, and for the lambs as he is able to give, and a hin of oil to an ephah.
12When the prince prepares a free will offering, a burnt offering or peace offerings as a free will offering to the LORD, one shall open for him the gate that looks toward the east; and he shall prepare his burnt offering and his peace offerings, as he does on the Sabbath day. Then he shall go out; and after his going out one shall shut the gate.
13“ ‘ “You shall prepare a lamb a year old without defect for a burnt offering to the LORD daily. Morning by morning you shall prepare it.
14You shall prepare a meal offering with it morning by morning, the sixth part of an ephah,§1 ephah is about 22 liters or about 2/3 of a bushel and the third part of a hin of oil to moisten the fine flour; a meal offering to the LORD continually by a perpetual ordinance.
15Thus they shall prepare the lamb, the meal offering, and the oil, morning by morning, for a continual burnt offering.”
16“ ‘The Lord GOD says: “If the prince gives a gift to any of his sons, it is his inheritance. It shall belong to his sons. It is their possession by inheritance.
17But if he gives of his inheritance a gift to one of his servants, it shall be his to the year of liberty; then it shall return to the prince; but as for his inheritance, it shall be for his sons.
18Moreover the prince shall not take of the people’s inheritance, to thrust them out of their possession. He shall give inheritance to his sons out of his own possession, that my people not each be scattered from his possession.” ’ ”
19Then he brought me through the entry, which was at the side of the gate, into the holy rooms for the priests, which looked toward the north. Behold, there was a place on the back part westward.
20He said to me, “This is the place where the priests shall boil the trespass offering and the sin offering, and where they shall bake the meal offering, that they not bring them out into the outer court, to sanctify the people.”
21Then he brought me out into the outer court and caused me to pass by the four corners of the court; and behold, in every corner of the court there was a court.
22In the four corners of the court there were courts enclosed, forty cubits*A cubit is the length from the tip of the middle finger to the elbow on a man’s arm, or about 18 inches or 46 centimeters. long and thirty wide. These four in the corners were the same size.
23There was a wall around in them, around the four, and boiling places were made under the walls all around.
24Then he said to me, “These are the boiling houses, where the ministers of the house shall boil the sacrifice of the people.”
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
Ezekiel 46:1
“The gate of the inner court that looks toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the Sabbath day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall be opened.”
This verse establishes the sacred rhythm of the temple, distinguishing between common workdays and holy days.
Ezekiel 46:9
“But when the people of the land come before the LORD in the appointed feasts, he who enters by the way of the north gate to worship shall go out by the way of the south gate; and he who enters by the way of the south gate shall go out by the way of the north gate.”
This unique instruction highlights the importance of order and continuous movement within the sanctuary.
Ezekiel 46:18
“Moreover the prince shall not take of the people’s inheritance, to thrust them out of their possession. He shall give inheritance to his sons out of his own possession, that my people not each be scattered from his possession.”
It emphasizes social justice and the protection of individual property rights within the community.
Chapter Summary
Ezekiel 46 provides a detailed set of instructions for worship within the visionary temple complex. It specifies that the eastern gate of the inner court is to be closed during the six working days but opened on the Sabbath and New Moons for the prince and the people to offer sacrifices. The text establishes strict protocols for entering and exiting the temple to maintain order: worshippers must exit through the gate opposite to the one they entered. The chapter also outlines the prince's responsibility for daily offerings and specific sacrificial quantities for festivals. Beyond ritual, it addresses civil law, stating that the prince may only grant permanent inheritance to his sons; gifts to servants must return to the prince during the year of liberty. The chapter concludes with a physical description of the temple's boiling houses where the priests prepare sacrificial meals for the community.
Frequently Asked Questions
The year of liberty, mentioned in verse 17, refers to the Year of Jubilee. According to Mosaic law, this was a time when servants were freed and property that had been sold or gifted outside the family was returned to its original ancestral owners.
As described in verse 9, worshippers entering through the north gate had to exit through the south gate, and vice versa. This regulation likely served to ensure an orderly flow of traffic and to prevent congestion during large festivals.
The prince was responsible for providing the burnt offerings and meal offerings on behalf of himself and the people. While he did not perform the priestly duties of the altar, he led the community in worship and provided the necessary livestock and grain.
Study Note
The emphasis on the prince's inheritance in verses 16-18 serves as a theological safeguard against the historical abuses of power by previous Israelite kings who seized private land.
Related Chapters
Leviticus 25
This chapter provides the foundational laws for the Year of Jubilee, which Ezekiel refers to as the year of liberty.
Ezekiel 45
The previous chapter establishes the prince's portion of land and initial instructions for offerings.
Numbers 28
Provides a comparison for the laws regarding daily and festival offerings found in Ezekiel's vision.
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