Exodus Chapter 33 — Moses and the Glory of God

Moses intercedes for the Israelites after their rebellion, leading to a deep conversation where God promises His presence and shows Moses His glory from a rock's cleft.

God's PresenceIntercessionDivine GloryRepentanceFavor

1The LORD spoke to Moses, “Depart, go up from here, you and the people that you have brought up out of the land of Egypt, to the land of which I swore to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, ‘I will give it to your offspring.’

2I will send an angel before you; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.

3Go to a land flowing with milk and honey; but I will not go up among you, for you are a stiff-necked people, lest I consume you on the way.”

4When the people heard this evil news, they mourned; and no one put on his jewelry.

5The LORD had said to Moses, “Tell the children of Israel, ‘You are a stiff-necked people. If I were to go up among you for one moment, I would consume you. Therefore now take off your jewelry from you, that I may know what to do to you.’ ”

6The children of Israel stripped themselves of their jewelry from Mount Horeb onward.

7Now Moses used to take the tent and pitch it outside the camp, far away from the camp, and he called it “The Tent of Meeting.” Everyone who sought the LORD went out to the Tent of Meeting, which was outside the camp.

8When Moses went out to the Tent, all the people rose up, and stood, everyone at their tent door, and watched Moses, until he had gone into the Tent.

9When Moses entered into the Tent, the pillar of cloud descended, stood at the door of the Tent, and the LORD spoke with Moses.

10All the people saw the pillar of cloud stand at the door of the Tent, and all the people rose up and worshiped, everyone at their tent door.

11The LORD spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend. He turned again into the camp, but his servant Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, didn’t depart from the Tent.

12Moses said to the LORD, “Behold, you tell me, ‘Bring up this people;’ and you haven’t let me know whom you will send with me. Yet you have said, ‘I know you by name, and you have also found favor in my sight.’

13Now therefore, if I have found favor in your sight, please show me your way, now, that I may know you, so that I may find favor in your sight; and consider that this nation is your people.”

14He said, “My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.”

15Moses said to him, “If your presence doesn’t go with me, don’t carry us up from here.

16For how would people know that I have found favor in your sight, I and your people? Isn’t it that you go with us, so that we are separated, I and your people, from all the people who are on the surface of the earth?”

17The LORD said to Moses, “I will do this thing also that you have spoken; for you have found favor in my sight, and I know you by name.”

18Moses said, “Please show me your glory.”

19He said, “I will make all my goodness pass before you, and will proclaim the LORD’s name before you. I will be gracious to whom I will be gracious, and will show mercy on whom I will show mercy.”

20He said, “You cannot see my face, for man may not see me and live.”

21The LORD also said, “Behold, there is a place by me, and you shall stand on the rock.

22It will happen, while my glory passes by, that I will put you in a cleft of the rock, and will cover you with my hand until I have passed by;

23then I will take away my hand, and you will see my back; but my face shall not be seen.”

WEB Translation

Notable Verses

Exodus 33:11

The LORD spoke to Moses face to face, as a man speaks to his friend.

This verse highlights the unique and intimate relationship Moses shared with God compared to other leaders.

Exodus 33:14

He said, 'My presence will go with you, and I will give you rest.'

This is God's reassuring promise to Moses that He will not abandon the people on their journey.

Exodus 33:18

Moses said, 'Please show me your glory.'

This request represents Moses' desire for a deeper understanding and experience of God's character and essence.

Chapter Summary

Exodus 33 follows the aftermath of the golden calf incident. God commands Moses and the Israelites to depart for the Promised Land but warns that His direct presence will not accompany them because of their stubbornness. In response, the people mourn and remove their jewelry as a sign of repentance. Moses establishes the 'Tent of Meeting' outside the camp, where he speaks with God face to face while the pillar of cloud descends. Moses then pleads for God to remain with the people, arguing that His presence is what distinguishes them from all other nations on earth. The Lord grants this request, promising that His presence will go with them and give them rest. Finally, Moses asks to see God's glory. God explains that no one can see His face and live; however, He places Moses in a cleft of a rock and covers him as His glory passes by, allowing Moses to see only His back.

Frequently Asked Questions

After hearing that God would not go up among them due to their stubbornness, the people mourned. They stripped themselves of their ornaments from Mount Horeb onward as an act of humility and repentance.

It was a temporary structure Moses pitched outside the camp where he went to seek the Lord. When Moses entered the tent, a pillar of cloud would descend, and the Lord would speak with him.

No, God tells Moses that 'man may not see me and live.' Though Moses spoke with God 'face to face' in an intimate sense, he was only permitted to see God's back while being shielded in the cleft of a rock.

Joshua, the son of Nun, who was Moses' young servant, stayed in the Tent of Meeting even after Moses returned to the Israelite camp.

Study Note

The phrase 'face to face' in verse 11 is a Hebrew idiom for intimate, direct communication, which is later contrasted with verse 20's clarification that seeing God's literal face is impossible for mortal humans.

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