2 Chronicles Chapter 13 — Abijah’s Victory over Jeroboam
King Abijah of Judah defeats King Jeroboam of Israel after delivering a speech defending the Davidic line and the true worship of God.
1In the eighteenth year of King Jeroboam, Abijah began to reign over Judah.
2He reigned three years in Jerusalem. His mother’s name was Micaiah the daughter of Uriel of Gibeah. There was war between Abijah and Jeroboam.
3Abijah joined battle with an army of valiant men of war, even four hundred thousand chosen men; and Jeroboam set the battle in array against him with eight hundred thousand chosen men, who were mighty men of valor.
4Abijah stood up on Mount Zemaraim, which is in the hill country of Ephraim, and said, “Hear me, Jeroboam and all Israel:
5Ought you not to know that the LORD, the God of Israel, gave the kingdom over Israel to David forever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?
6Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, rose up, and rebelled against his lord.
7Worthless men were gathered to him, wicked fellows who strengthened themselves against Rehoboam the son of Solomon, when Rehoboam was young and tender hearted, and could not withstand them.
8“Now you intend to withstand the kingdom of the LORD in the hand of the sons of David. You are a great multitude, and the golden calves which Jeroboam made you for gods are with you.
9Haven’t you driven out the priests of the LORD, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites, and made priests for yourselves according to the ways of the peoples of other lands? Whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bull and seven rams may be a priest of those who are no gods.
10“But as for us, the LORD is our God, and we have not forsaken him. We have priests serving the LORD, the sons of Aaron, and the Levites in their work.
11They burn to the LORD every morning and every evening burnt offerings and sweet incense. They also set the show bread in order on the pure table, and care for the gold lamp stand with its lamps, to burn every evening; for we keep the instruction of the LORD our God, but you have forsaken him.
12Behold, God is with us at our head, and his priests with the trumpets of alarm to sound an alarm against you. Children of Israel, don’t fight against the LORD, the God of your fathers; for you will not prosper.”
13But Jeroboam caused an ambush to come about behind them; so they were before Judah, and the ambush was behind them.
14When Judah looked back, behold, the battle was before and behind them; and they cried to the LORD, and the priests sounded with the trumpets.
15Then the men of Judah gave a shout. As the men of Judah shouted, God struck Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah.
16The children of Israel fled before Judah, and God delivered them into their hand.
17Abijah and his people killed them with a great slaughter, so five hundred thousand chosen men of Israel fell down slain.
18Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time, and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied on the LORD, the God of their fathers.
19Abijah pursued Jeroboam, and took cities from him: Bethel with its villages, Jeshanah with its villages, and Ephron with its villages.
20Jeroboam didn’t recover strength again in the days of Abijah. The LORD struck him, and he died.
21But Abijah grew mighty and took for himself fourteen wives, and became the father of twenty-two sons and sixteen daughters.
22The rest of the acts of Abijah, his ways, and his sayings are written in the commentary of the prophet Iddo.
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
2 Chronicles 13:5
“Ought you not to know that the LORD, the God of Israel, gave the kingdom over Israel to David forever, even to him and to his sons by a covenant of salt?”
This verse emphasizes the enduring nature of God's promise to King David's lineage.
2 Chronicles 13:12
“Behold, God is with us at our head, and his priests with the trumpets of alarm to sound an alarm against you.”
Abijah expresses confidence that God’s presence and the proper religious order are on Judah's side.
2 Chronicles 13:18
“Thus the children of Israel were brought under at that time, and the children of Judah prevailed, because they relied on the LORD, the God of their fathers.”
This verse summarizes the chapter's main point: that victory was the result of Judah's reliance on God.
Chapter Summary
2 Chronicles 13 chronicles the conflict between King Abijah of Judah and King Jeroboam of Israel. Despite being outnumbered two-to-one, Abijah stands on Mount Zemaraim and delivers a powerful speech to the northern tribes. He asserts the legitimacy of the Davidic dynasty, established by a 'covenant of salt,' and critiques Jeroboam for replacing the Aaronic priesthood with man-made idols. When Jeroboam attempts a tactical ambush from both the front and rear, the men of Judah cry out to the Lord and the priests blow their trumpets. God intervenes, striking Jeroboam's army and granting Judah a significant victory. The chapter concludes with the capture of northern cities, Jeroboam's eventual death, and the growth of Abijah’s household.
Frequently Asked Questions
In ancient times, salt was a symbol of permanence and preservation. Abijah uses this term to describe the everlasting and unbreakable nature of the covenant God made with King David and his descendants.
Abijah pointed out that Jeroboam had driven out the legitimate priests of the Lord, the sons of Aaron and the Levites, and replaced them with anyone who could offer a sacrifice, essentially creating a man-made religious system.
Although Jeroboam’s army was twice the size of Judah's and had set up an ambush, the men of Judah prayed to the Lord and the priests sounded the trumpets. The text states that God struck Jeroboam's army, allowing Judah to prevail.
Study Note
The 'commentary of the prophet Iddo' mentioned in verse 22 is one of several lost historical records cited by the author of Chronicles.
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