1 Samuel Chapter 19 — David's Miraculous Escapes
King Saul attempts to kill David multiple times, but Jonathan, Michal, and divine intervention at Ramah ensure David's safety.
1Saul spoke to Jonathan his son and to all his servants, that they should kill David. But Jonathan, Saul’s son, greatly delighted in David.
2Jonathan told David, saying, “Saul my father seeks to kill you. Now therefore, please take care of yourself in the morning, live in a secret place, and hide yourself.
3I will go out and stand beside my father in the field where you are, and I will talk with my father about you; and if I see anything, I will tell you.”
4Jonathan spoke good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, “Don’t let the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works have been very good toward you;
5for he put his life in his hand and struck the Philistine, and the LORD worked a great victory for all Israel. You saw it and rejoiced. Why then will you sin against innocent blood, to kill David without a cause?”
6Saul listened to the voice of Jonathan; and Saul swore, “As the LORD lives, he shall not be put to death.”
7Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. Then Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence as before.
8There was war again. David went out and fought with the Philistines, and killed them with a great slaughter; and they fled before him.
9An evil spirit from the LORD was on Saul as he sat in his house with his spear in his hand; and David was playing music with his hand.
10Saul sought to pin David to the wall with the spear, but he slipped away out of Saul’s presence; and he stuck the spear into the wall. David fled and escaped that night.
11Saul sent messengers to David’s house to watch him and to kill him in the morning. Michal, David’s wife, told him, saying, “If you don’t save your life tonight, tomorrow you will be killed.”
12So Michal let David down through the window. He went away, fled, and escaped.
13Michal took the teraphim*teraphim were household idols that may have been associated with inheritance rights to the household property. and laid it in the bed, and put a pillow of goats’ hair at its head and covered it with clothes.
14When Saul sent messengers to take David, she said, “He is sick.”
15Saul sent the messengers to see David, saying, “Bring him up to me in the bed, that I may kill him.”
16When the messengers came in, behold, the teraphim was in the bed, with the pillow of goats’ hair at its head.
17Saul said to Michal, “Why have you deceived me like this and let my enemy go, so that he has escaped?”
18Now David fled and escaped, and came to Samuel at Ramah, and told him all that Saul had done to him. He and Samuel went and lived in Naioth.
19Saul was told, saying, “Behold, David is at Naioth in Ramah.”
20Saul sent messengers to seize David; and when they saw the company of the prophets prophesying, and Samuel standing as head over them, God’s Spirit came on Saul’s messengers, and they also prophesied.
21When Saul was told, he sent other messengers, and they also prophesied. Saul sent messengers again the third time, and they also prophesied.
22Then he also went to Ramah, and came to the great well that is in Secu: and he asked, “Where are Samuel and David?”
23He went there to Naioth in Ramah. Then God’s Spirit came on him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah.
24He also stripped off his clothes. He also prophesied before Samuel and lay down naked all that day and all that night. Therefore they say, “Is Saul also among the prophets?”
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
1 Samuel 19:4-5
“Jonathan spoke good of David to Saul his father, and said to him, 'Don’t let the king sin against his servant, against David; because he has not sinned against you, and because his works have been very good toward you...'”
This shows Jonathan's courageous loyalty to David and his attempt to mediate peace between David and his father.
1 Samuel 19:20
“God’s Spirit came on Saul’s messengers, and they also prophesied.”
This highlights the supernatural intervention that prevented Saul's men from arresting David.
Chapter Summary
In 1 Samuel 19, King Saul’s jealousy of David turns into an open death threat, commanding his servants and Jonathan to kill him. Jonathan intervenes, successfully pleading for David's life, though the peace is short-lived. After David wins another victory against the Philistines, Saul attempts to spear him again. David escapes to his home, where his wife Michal helps him flee by placing a decoy in his bed to trick Saul’s messengers. David seeks refuge with the prophet Samuel at Naioth in Ramah. When Saul sends three successive groups of messengers to capture David, the Spirit of God overcomes them, causing them to prophesy. Finally, Saul goes himself, but he too is overcome by the Spirit and prophesies before Samuel, demonstrating God's sovereign protection over David and preventing him from harming His anointed servant.
Frequently Asked Questions
Jonathan spoke to Saul about David's innocence and his heroic victory over the Philistines. This successfully convinced Saul at the time to swear an oath that David would not be put to death.
Michal warned David that Saul's men were watching their house to kill him. She helped him escape through a window and then placed a household idol in his bed to trick the messengers into thinking David was sick.
The Spirit of God came upon Saul, and he began to prophesy even before reaching David's location. He continued to prophesy all day and night, which prevented him from capturing David.
Study Note
The use of 'teraphim' in verse 13 indicates that even in households close to the king, ancient Near Eastern cultural items like domestic idols were still present during the transition to the monarchy.
Related Chapters
1 Samuel 18
This chapter establishes the friendship between David and Jonathan and the root of Saul's jealousy.
1 Samuel 20
The story of David and Jonathan's loyalty continues as they make a final plan for David's safety.
1 Samuel 10
This chapter provides the first instance of Saul prophesying, which parallels the events at the end of Chapter 19.
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