1 Chronicles Chapter 2 — The Genealogy of Judah
This chapter lists the twelve sons of Israel and provides an extensive genealogy of the tribe of Judah, specifically tracking the family line leading to King David.
1These are the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun,
2Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.
3The sons of Judah: Er, Onan, and Shelah, which three were born to him of Shua’s daughter the Canaanitess. Er, Judah’s firstborn, was wicked in the LORD’s*When rendered in ALL CAPITAL LETTERS, “LORD” or “GOD” is the translation of God’s Proper Name (Hebrew “יהוה”, usually pronounced Yahweh). sight; and he killed him.
4Tamar his daughter-in-law bore him Perez and Zerah. All the sons of Judah were five.
5The sons of Perez: Hezron and Hamul.
6The sons of Zerah: Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara—five of them in all.
7The son of Carmi: Achar, the troubler of Israel, who committed a trespass in the devoted thing.
8The son of Ethan: Azariah.
9The sons also of Hezron, who were born to him: Jerahmeel, Ram, and Chelubai.
10Ram became the father of Amminadab, and Amminadab became the father of Nahshon, prince of the children of Judah;
11and Nahshon became the father of Salma, and Salma became the father of Boaz,
12and Boaz became the father of Obed, and Obed became the father of Jesse;
13and Jesse became the father of his firstborn Eliab, Abinadab the second, Shimea the third,
14Nethanel the fourth, Raddai the fifth,
15Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh;
16and their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. The sons of Zeruiah: Abishai, Joab, and Asahel, three.
17Abigail bore Amasa; and the father of Amasa was Jether the Ishmaelite.
18Caleb the son of Hezron became the father of children by Azubah his wife, and by Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
19Azubah died, and Caleb married Ephrath, who bore him Hur.
20Hur became the father of Uri, and Uri became the father of Bezalel.
21Afterward Hezron went in to the daughter of Machir the father of Gilead, whom he took as wife when he was sixty years old; and she bore him Segub.
22Segub became the father of Jair, who had twenty-three cities in the land of Gilead.
23Geshur and Aram took the towns of Jair from them, with Kenath, and its villages, even sixty cities. All these were the sons of Machir the father of Gilead.
24After Hezron died in Caleb Ephrathah, Abijah, Hezron’s wife, bore him Ashhur the father of Tekoa.
25The sons of Jerahmeel the firstborn of Hezron were Ram the firstborn, Bunah, Oren, Ozem, and Ahijah.
26Jerahmeel had another wife, whose name was Atarah. She was the mother of Onam.
27The sons of Ram the firstborn of Jerahmeel were Maaz, Jamin, and Eker.
28The sons of Onam were Shammai and Jada. The sons of Shammai: Nadab and Abishur.
29The name of the wife of Abishur was Abihail; and she bore him Ahban and Molid.
30The sons of Nadab: Seled and Appaim; but Seled died without children.
31The son of Appaim: Ishi. The son of Ishi: Sheshan. The son of Sheshan: Ahlai.
32The sons of Jada the brother of Shammai: Jether and Jonathan; and Jether died without children.
33The sons of Jonathan: Peleth and Zaza. These were the sons of Jerahmeel.
34Now Sheshan had no sons, but only daughters. Sheshan had a servant, an Egyptian, whose name was Jarha.
35Sheshan gave his daughter to Jarha his servant as wife; and she bore him Attai.
36Attai became the father of Nathan, and Nathan became the father of Zabad,
37and Zabad became the father of Ephlal, and Ephlal became the father of Obed,
38and Obed became the father of Jehu, and Jehu became the father of Azariah,
39and Azariah became the father of Helez, and Helez became the father of Eleasah,
40and Eleasah became the father of Sismai, and Sismai became the father of Shallum,
41and Shallum became the father of Jekamiah, and Jekamiah became the father of Elishama.
42The sons of Caleb the brother of Jerahmeel were Mesha his firstborn, who was the father of Ziph, and the sons of Mareshah the father of Hebron.
43The sons of Hebron: Korah, Tappuah, Rekem, and Shema.
44Shema became the father of Raham, the father of Jorkeam; and Rekem became the father of Shammai.
45The son of Shammai was Maon; and Maon was the father of Beth Zur.
46Ephah, Caleb’s concubine, bore Haran, Moza, and Gazez; and Haran became the father of Gazez.
47The sons of Jahdai: Regem, Jothan, Geshan, Pelet, Ephah, and Shaaph.
48Maacah, Caleb’s concubine, bore Sheber and Tirhanah.
49She bore also Shaaph the father of Madmannah, Sheva the father of Machbena and the father of Gibea; and the daughter of Caleb was Achsah.
50These were the sons of Caleb, the son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephrathah: Shobal the father of Kiriath Jearim,
WEB Translation
Notable Verses
1 Chronicles 2:1-2
“These are the sons of Israel: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.”
This verse establishes the primary heads of the twelve tribes of Israel before the focus narrows to the lineage of Judah.
1 Chronicles 2:7
“The son of Carmi: Achar, the troubler of Israel, who committed a trespass in the devoted thing.”
It references the historical sin of Achan, providing a brief moral reminder within the genealogical list.
1 Chronicles 2:15
“Ozem the sixth, and David the seventh;”
This identifies King David's place within the family of Jesse, marking the chapter's importance in tracing the royal line.
Chapter Summary
1 Chronicles Chapter 2 begins by identifying the twelve sons of Israel. The narrative then shifts focus to the tribe of Judah, detailing his five sons: Er, Onan, Shelah, Perez, and Zerah. The text highlights the family of Hezron, a son of Perez, whose lineage is vital as it leads directly to King David through Jesse. Significant space is given to the various branches of Judah's descendants, including the families of Jerahmeel and Caleb. The record also mentions specific historical figures such as Achar, who brought trouble upon Israel, and Bezalel, the skilled craftsman. The genealogy concludes by listing the families of scribes and Kenites associated with the house of Rechab, establishing the geographical and social roots of the clans of Judah, including the founding of Bethlehem.
Frequently Asked Questions
The chapter lists the twelve sons of Israel as Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, Dan, Joseph, Benjamin, Naphtali, Gad, and Asher. These individuals are the patriarchs of the twelve tribes of Israel.
The genealogy of Judah is emphasized because it contains the royal line of King David. The Chronicler provides this detail to establish the historical and legal foundation for the Davidic monarchy and the coming Messiah.
Achar, also known as Achan in the book of Joshua, is called the 'troubler of Israel.' He is noted for taking items that were devoted to destruction during the conquest of Jericho, which resulted in divine judgment upon the nation.
Verse 51 and 54 identify Salma as the 'father' or founder of Bethlehem. This establishes the ancestral link between the tribe of Judah and the city where King David was eventually born.
Study Note
The identification of David as the seventh son of Jesse in verse 15 differs from the count in 1 Samuel 16, which lists eight sons; this may indicate that one of Jesse's sons died without heirs and was omitted from the Chronicler’s formal list.
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